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How much difference in type-approval CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe can be expected from changing to the new test procedure (NEDC vs. WLTP)?

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  • Pavlovic, J.
  • Ciuffo, B.
  • Fontaras, G.
  • Valverde, V.
  • Marotta, A.

Abstract

After significant efforts from many parties, the World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Procedure (WLTP) has seen its light first as the UNECE Global Technical Regulation and then as the procedure adopted in the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe. The paper focuses its attention on the main procedural differences between the WLTP and the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), which is the test-procedure currently used in Europe. In general terms the WLTP appears to be a significant improvement compared to the NEDC. The main differences between two test procedures are identified and their impact on CO2 emissions quantified using the in-house built simulation software CO2MPAS. On the basis of each of these differences, the paper assesses the potential total impact on the final reported type-approval CO2 emissions. The biggest impact on CO2 emissions is coming from the changes in the road load determination procedure (∼10% increase). Procedural changes concerning the test in the laboratory will bring another 8% and post-processing and declaration of results will result in difference of approximately 5% (each). Overall, the WLTP is likely to increase the type-approval CO2 emissions by approximately 25%. Therefore, the WLTP will be able to reduce more than half of the gap identified between the type-approval and real-life figures in Europe. This should be seen as a considerable improvement given the ontological limitations of a laboratory-based test procedure.

Suggested Citation

  • Pavlovic, J. & Ciuffo, B. & Fontaras, G. & Valverde, V. & Marotta, A., 2018. "How much difference in type-approval CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe can be expected from changing to the new test procedure (NEDC vs. WLTP)?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 136-147.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:111:y:2018:i:c:p:136-147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.02.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tsiakmakis, Stefanos & Fontaras, Georgios & Ciuffo, Biagio & Samaras, Zissis, 2017. "A simulation-based methodology for quantifying European passenger car fleet CO2 emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 447-465.
    2. Sina, Naser & Nasiri, Sayyad & Karkhaneh, Vahid, 2015. "Effects of resistive loads and tire inflation pressure on tire power losses and CO2 emissions in real-world conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 974-983.
    3. Ciuffo, B. & Fontaras, G., 2017. "Models and scientific tools for regulatory purposes: The case of CO2 emissions from light duty vehicles in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 76-81.
    4. Pavlovic, Jelica & Marotta, Alessandro & Ciuffo, Biagio, 2016. "CO2 emissions and energy demands of vehicles tested under the NEDC and the new WLTP type approval test procedures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 661-670.
    5. Tsokolis, D. & Tsiakmakis, S. & Dimaratos, A. & Fontaras, G. & Pistikopoulos, P. & Ciuffo, B. & Samaras, Z., 2016. "Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars over the New Worldwide Harmonized Test Protocol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1152-1165.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 emissions; Vehicle type-approval; NEDC; WLTC; WLTP; Correlation;
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