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The effects of diploid male production on honey bee colony evolution and survival

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  • Betti, Matthew I.
  • Lee, Isaac

Abstract

The order Hymenoptera includes most of the eusocial species on the planet. Correlated is the fact that many of the social species within the order are haplodiploid and use complementary sex determination (CSD) to determine the sex of offspring. CSD is the mechanism by why single sex alleles within an organism result in male development (haploid) and mismatched sex alleles develop into females (diploids). Related to this is the production of diploid males: fertilized eggs with matched sex alleles which develop as male instead of female. Honey bees are no exception to this, and as their numbers continue to suffer globally and their genetic diversity lowers, the effects of diploid male production (DMP) may pose an increased risk to the survival of bee colonies. In the present study, we develop a model for diploid male production in a honey bee colony and show that with ample resources, this phenomena has little effect on a colony’s health, but there is a limit to the sustainability of a colony suffering from diploid male production. We use our model to show that there were likely no great evolutionary pressures against CSD and DMP in wild honey bees as its effects on colony health in the wild would have been negligible but increased environmental hazards such as pesticides and monoculture crops increase the effects of DMP on colony health.

Suggested Citation

  • Betti, Matthew I. & Lee, Isaac, 2020. "The effects of diploid male production on honey bee colony evolution and survival," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 49-55.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:135:y:2020:i:c:p:49-55
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2020.08.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Winkert, Éder & de Oliveira, Paulo M.C. & Faria, Luiz R.R., 2019. "Modeling diploid male dynamics in Hymenoptera: Effects of the number of alleles, dispersal by random walk and simple spatial structuring," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 524(C), pages 45-55.
    2. Hein, Silke & Poethke, Hans-Joachim & Dorn, Silvia, 2009. "What stops the ‘diploid male vortex’?—A simulation study for species with single locus complementary sex determination," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(13), pages 1663-1669.
    3. Russell, Stephen & Barron, Andrew B. & Harris, David, 2013. "Dynamic modelling of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony growth and failure," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 265(C), pages 158-169.
    4. Gary D. Powney & Claire Carvell & Mike Edwards & Roger K. A. Morris & Helen E. Roy & Ben A. Woodcock & Nick J. B. Isaac, 2019. "Widespread losses of pollinating insects in Britain," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-6, December.
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    1. Hong, Wei & Chen, Bingxue & Lu, Yuntao & Lu, Chuanqi & Liu, Shengping, 2022. "Using system equalization principle to study the effects of multiple factors to the development of bee colony," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 470(C).

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