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Spatial analysis of heat-related mortality among the elderly between 1993 and 2004 in Sydney, Australia

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  • Vaneckova, Pavla
  • Beggs, Paul J.
  • Jacobson, Carol R.

Abstract

This study analyzed the geographical patterns of heat-related mortality among the population aged 65Â and over within the metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia between 1993 and 2004, and evaluated the role of some physical and socio-demographic risk factors associated with it. The effect of temperature on all-cause mortality during unusually hot days was investigated using spatial analytic techniques, such as cluster analysis and spatial regression analysis. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were used to investigate the role of daily average temperature, ozone (O3) and particulate matter of diameter less than 10Â [mu]m (PM10) at the regions that showed a significant increase in mortality on unusually hot days. Spatial variation in mortality on unusually hot days was observed among the population 65 and over. Elderly people living within 5-20Â km south-west and west of the Sydney Central Business District (CBD) were found to be more vulnerable. However, analysis using GLMs showed temperature to be a significant modifier of daily mortality in the region to the south-west of the CBD only. O3 and PM10 were found to be non-significant factors in the regions where air pollutants were studied. Socio-economic status and the proportion of vegetation or developed land in each Statistical Local Area (SLA) were also not a significant factor explaining the increased mortality. A combination of social and environmental factors may be at play. Our results suggest an effect of temperature on mortality of the elderly population in Sydney Statistical Division at the SLA level. More spatially-based research would be beneficial once climate datasets with improved spatial coverage become available.

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  • Vaneckova, Pavla & Beggs, Paul J. & Jacobson, Carol R., 2010. "Spatial analysis of heat-related mortality among the elderly between 1993 and 2004 in Sydney, Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 293-304, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:70:y:2010:i:2:p:293-304
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    Cited by:

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    2. M. Karlsson & M. Schmitt, 2011. "Only in the Heat of the Moment? A Study of the Relation between Weather and Mortality in Germany," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 11/27, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    3. Karlsson, Martin & Schmitt, Maike, 2011. "Only in the heat of the moment? A study of the relationship between weather and mortality in Germany," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 203, Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Law and Economics.
    4. David Hondula & Robert Davis, 2014. "The predictability of high-risk zones for heat-related mortality in seven US cities," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(2), pages 771-788, November.
    5. Brenda B. Lin & Jacqui Meyers & R. Matthew Beaty & Guy B. Barnett, 2016. "Urban Green Infrastructure Impacts on Climate Regulation Services in Sydney, Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-13, August.
    6. Ghasem Toloo & Gerard FitzGerald & Peter Aitken & Kenneth Verrall & Shilu Tong, 2013. "Evaluating the effectiveness of heat warning systems: systematic review of epidemiological evidence," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(5), pages 667-681, October.
    7. Scott Sheridan & Adam Kalkstein, 2010. "Seasonal variability in heat-related mortality across the United States," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 55(2), pages 291-305, November.
    8. Weihua Dong & Zhao Liu & Lijie Zhang & Qiuhong Tang & Hua Liao & Xian'en Li, 2014. "Assessing Heat Health Risk for Sustainability in Beijing’s Urban Heat Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-24, October.

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