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The independent contribution of individual-, neighbourhood-, and country-level socioeconomic position on attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel model of direct and moderating effects

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  • Uthman, Olalekan Abdulrahman
  • Moradi, Tahereh
  • Lawoko, Stephen

Abstract

We examined associations between country, neighbourhood, and individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). We applied multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis on Demographic and Health Survey data for 165,983 women and 68,501 men nested within 7465 communities from 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa collected between 2003 and 2007. Contrary to expectation women were 34% more likely to justify IPVAW than men. We found that sex moderates associations of individual-, neighbourhood-, and country-level SEP with attitudes towards IPVAW. There was a significant positive interaction effect between sex and education attainment; women with no education were more likely to justify IPVAW than men with no education. Negative sex interaction with household wealth status indicates that differences in attitude are less pronounced among women. Unemployed men were more likely to justify IPVAW. Interaction effects indicate that the association of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage with attitudes was more pronounced among women than among men. The association of country-level SEP with attitudes towards IPVWA was inconclusive. There was some evidence that neighbourhood modified the association between individual SEP and attitudes towards IPV. Also, there was cross-level interaction between country and neighbourhood SEP. Neighbourhood and individual SEP were independently associated with attitudes towards IPVAW. The relationship with country-level SEP was inconclusive. The findings underscore the need to implement public health prevention/intervention strategies not only at the level of individual SEP but also at the neighbourhood level.

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  • Uthman, Olalekan Abdulrahman & Moradi, Tahereh & Lawoko, Stephen, 2009. "The independent contribution of individual-, neighbourhood-, and country-level socioeconomic position on attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel m," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 1801-1809, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:68:y:2009:i:10:p:1801-1809
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    1. Arestoff, Florence & Djemai, Elodie, 2016. "Women’s Empowerment Across the Life Cycle and Generations: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 70-87.
    2. Cools, Sara & Kotsadam, Andreas, 2017. "Resources and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 211-230.
    3. Guzmán, Juan Carlos & Khatiwada, Lila Kumar & Guzmán, Danice Brown, 2020. "Improved cookstoves as a pathway between food preparation and reduced domestic violence in Uganda," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 18(C).
    4. Ohlsson, Henrik & Merlo, Juan, 2011. "Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries: A life course analysis of mortality and cause specific morbidity in Scania, Sweden," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(8), pages 1145-1151.
    5. LynnMarie Sardinha & Héctor E Nájera Catalán, 2018. "Attitudes towards domestic violence in 49 low- and middle-income countries: A gendered analysis of prevalence and country-level correlates," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, October.
    6. Kathryn Yount & Nafisa Halim & Sara Head & Sidney Schuler, 2012. "Indeterminate Responses to Attitudinal Questions About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Rural Bangladesh," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 31(6), pages 797-830, December.
    7. Marisa Bucheli & Máximo Rossi, 2016. "Attitudes towards Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Latin America," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0116, Department of Economics - dECON.
    8. Andrés Sánchez-Prada & Carmen Delgado-Alvarez & Esperanza Bosch-Fiol & Virginia Ferreiro-Basurto & Victoria A. Ferrer-Perez, 2020. "Psychosocial Implications of Supportive Attitudes towards Intimate Partner Violence against Women throughout the Lifecycle," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-20, August.
    9. Kohli, Anjalee & Perrin, Nancy & Mpanano, Remy Mitima & Banywesize, Luhazi & Mirindi, Alfred Bacikenge & Banywesize, Jean Heri & Mitima, Clovis Murhula & Binkurhorhwa, Arsène Kajabika & Bufole, Nadine, 2015. "Family and community driven response to intimate partner violence in post-conflict settings," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 276-284.
    10. Seema Vyas & Lori Heise, 2016. "How do area-level socioeconomic status and gender norms affect partner violence against women? Evidence from Tanzania," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(8), pages 971-980, November.
    11. Marisa Bucheli & Maximo Rossi, 2019. "Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(3), pages 21582440198, August.
    12. Patrick Igulot, 2022. "Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Vulnerability to HIV Infection in Uganda: Evidence from Multilevel Modelling of Population-Level HIV/AIDS Data," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, July.
    13. Kathryn Yount & Nafisa Halim & Sidney Schuler & Sara Head, 2013. "A Survey Experiment of Women’s Attitudes About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Rural Bangladesh," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(1), pages 333-357, February.
    14. Abdul Manap Pulungan, . "Determinan Neraca Transaksi Berjalan Indonesia," INDEF Working Papers, Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (INDEF), number 032020, January-J.
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