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Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States

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  • Hall, Marissa G.
  • Mendel, Jennifer R.
  • Noar, Seth M.
  • Brewer, Noel T.

Abstract

Message avoidance (e.g., trying not to look at the message) may be motivated by reactance, a maladaptive rejection of the message. An alternative view is that avoidance indicates that a message is eliciting fear and other negative affect, thereby increasing the likelihood of behavioral change. We sought to identify which psychological mechanism—reactance or fear and other negative affect—explains message avoidance. We also examined whether avoidance was associated with more forgoing or butting out of cigarettes.

Suggested Citation

  • Hall, Marissa G. & Mendel, Jennifer R. & Noar, Seth M. & Brewer, Noel T., 2018. "Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 165-172.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:213:y:2018:i:c:p:165-172
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cho, Yoo Jin & Thrasher, James F. & Yong, Hua-Hie & Szklo, André Salem & O'Connor, Richard J. & Bansal-Travers, Maansi & Hammond, David & Fong, Geoffrey T. & Hardin, James & Borland, Ron, 2018. "Path analysis of warning label effects on negative emotions and quit attempts: A longitudinal study of smokers in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 226-234.
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    3. Lipsey, Nikolette P. & Shepperd, James A., 2019. "The role of powerful audiences in health information avoidance," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 430-439.
    4. Dolinšek, Špela & Scholz, Christin & Giani, Stefano & van Weert, Julia C.M. & van den Putte, Bas & Meppelink, Corine S., 2024. "The role of mental well-being in the effects of persuasive health messages: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 353(C).
    5. Morgan, Jennifer C. & Golden, Shelley D. & Noar, Seth M. & Ribisl, Kurt M. & Southwell, Brian G. & Jeong, Michelle & Hall, Marissa G. & Brewer, Noel T., 2018. "Conversations about pictorial cigarette pack warnings: Theoretical mechanisms of influence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 45-51.

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