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Influence of Health Warnings on Beliefs about the Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking, in the Context of an Experimental Study in Four Asian Countries

Author

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  • Jessica L. Reid

    (School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Seema Mutti-Packer

    (School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
    Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

  • Prakash C. Gupta

    (Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, 501 Technocity, TTC Industrial Area, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400701, India)

  • Qiang Li

    (Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China
    Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd., 18/F, Pingan International Finance Center, Xinyuan S. Rd., Beijing 100027, China)

  • Jiang Yuan

    (Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China)

  • Nigar Nargis

    (American Cancer Society, 555 11th St. NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA
    Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

  • A. K. M. Ghulam Hussain

    (Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

  • David Hammond

    (School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

Cigarette package health warnings can be an important and low-cost means of communicating the health risks of smoking. We examined whether viewing health warnings in an experimental study influenced beliefs about the health effects of smoking, by conducting surveys with ~500 adult male smokers and ~500 male and female youth (age 16–18) in Beijing, China ( n = 1070), Mumbai area, India ( n = 1012), Dhaka, Bangladesh ( n = 1018), and Republic of Korea ( n = 1362). Each respondent was randomly assigned to view and rate pictorial health warnings for 2 of 15 different health effects, after which they reported beliefs about whether smoking caused 12 health effects. Respondents who viewed relevant health warnings (vs. other warnings) were significantly more likely to believe that smoking caused that particular health effect, for several health effects in each sample. Approximately three-quarters of respondents in China (Beijing), Bangladesh (Dhaka), and Korea (which had general, text-only warnings) thought that cigarette packages should display more health information, compared to approximately half of respondents in the Mumbai area, India (which had detailed pictorial warnings). Pictorial health warnings that convey the risk of specific health effects from smoking can increase beliefs and knowledge about the health consequences of smoking, particularly for health effects that are lesser-known.

Suggested Citation

  • Jessica L. Reid & Seema Mutti-Packer & Prakash C. Gupta & Qiang Li & Jiang Yuan & Nigar Nargis & A. K. M. Ghulam Hussain & David Hammond, 2017. "Influence of Health Warnings on Beliefs about the Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking, in the Context of an Experimental Study in Four Asian Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:8:p:868-:d:106693
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Noar, Seth M. & Francis, Diane B. & Bridges, Christy & Sontag, Jennah M. & Ribisl, Kurt M. & Brewer, Noel T., 2016. "The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 118-129.
    2. Hammond, D. & Fong, G.T. & McDonald, P.W. & Brown, K.S. & Cameron, R., 2004. "Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: Evidence from Canadian smokers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(8), pages 1442-1445.
    3. Jennifer Cantrell & Donna M Vallone & James F Thrasher & Rebekah H Nagler & Shari P Feirman & Larry R Muenz & David Y He & Kasisomayajula Viswanath, 2013. "Impact of Tobacco-Related Health Warning Labels across Socioeconomic, Race and Ethnic Groups: Results from a Randomized Web-Based Experiment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, January.
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