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Forecasting cryptocurrency returns with machine learning

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Yujun
  • Li, Zhongfei
  • Nekhili, Ramzi
  • Sultan, Jahangir

Abstract

This article employs machine learning models to predict returns for 3703 cryptocurrencies for the 2013 – 2021 period. Based on daily data, we build an equal (capital)-weighted portfolio that generates 7.1 % (2.4 %) daily return with a 1.95 (0.27) Sharpe ratio. We obtain an out-of-sample R2 of 4.855 %. Our results suggest that cryptocurrencies behave like conventional assets than fiat currencies since variables, including lagged returns, can predict future returns. As assets, cryptocurrencies are not weakly efficient, and production costs do not determine their prices. Returns for small cryptocurrencies are more predictable than larger ones. The predictive power of the 1-day lagged return is stronger than all other features (predictors) combined. The results offer new insights for crypto investors, traders, and financial analysts.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Yujun & Li, Zhongfei & Nekhili, Ramzi & Sultan, Jahangir, 2023. "Forecasting cryptocurrency returns with machine learning," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:64:y:2023:i:c:s0275531923000314
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.101905
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    5. Jirou, Ismail & Jebabli, Ikram & Lahiani, Amine, 2025. "A hybrid deep learning model for cryptocurrency returns forecasting: Comparison of the performance of financial markets and impact of external variables," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cryptocurrency; Machine learning; eXtreme Gradient Boostine; SHapley Additive exPlanations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

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