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‘Regulated deregulation’ of local bus services—An appraisal of international developments

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  • van de Velde, Didier
  • Wallis, Ian

Abstract

The deregulation of the British bus sector (outside London) in 1986 was the start of a debate on the merits of ‘deregulation’ and ‘competitive tendering’. The period that followed was rich in lessons. New Zealand was at the time the only other country engaging in a reform based upon market initiative (implemented in 1991). Other countries chose for a less extreme and more consensual way to introduce competitive incentives, choosing the fundamentally different competitive tendering (CT) path. As a result, the so-called ‘Scandinavian model’ developed, based upon the London example of route tendering. Later the Netherlands adopted a network tendering approach, resembling the French practice of network tendering though with more operator freedom.

Suggested Citation

  • van de Velde, Didier & Wallis, Ian, 2013. "‘Regulated deregulation’ of local bus services—An appraisal of international developments," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 21-33.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:retrec:v:39:y:2013:i:1:p:21-33
    DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.05.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. White, Peter R., 2010. "The conflict between competition policy and the wider role of the local bus industry in Britain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 152-158.
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    Cited by:

    1. van de Velde, Didier & Augustin, Katrin, 2014. "Workshop 4 Report: Governance, ownership and competition in deregulated public transport markets," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 237-244.
    2. Carlo Vittorio FIORIO & Massimo FLORIO & Giovanni PERUCCA, 2011. "Consumers’ satisfaction and regulation of local public transport: evidence from European cities," Departmental Working Papers 2011-26, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    3. Xavier, Villa.i.Aguilar & Tom, Rye & Jonathan, Cowie & Clare, McTigue, 2022. "Bus franchising in English and Scottish regions – Viable solution or unfeasible instrument?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Bouf, Dominique & Faivre d’Arcier, Bruno, 2015. "The looming crisis in French public transit," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 34-41.
    5. Epstein, Bryan & Givoni, Moshe, 2016. "Analyzing the gap between the QOS demanded by PT users and QOS supplied by service operators," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 622-637.
    6. Paulsson, Alexander & Isaksson, Karolina & Sørensen, Claus Hedegaard & Hrelja, Robert & Rye, Tom & Scholten, Christina, 2018. "Collaboration in public transport planning – Why, how and what?," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 377-385.
    7. Preston, John & van de Velde, Didier, 2016. "Workshop 7 report: Market initiative: Regulatory design, implementation and performance," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 343-348.
    8. Rye, Tom & Monios, Jason & Hrelja, Robert & Isaksson, Karolina, 2018. "The relationship between formal and informal institutions for governance of public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 196-206.
    9. McTigue, Clare & Monios, Jason & Rye, Tom, 2018. "Identifying barriers to implementation of local transport policy: An analysis of bus policy in Great Britain," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 133-143.
    10. Rye, Tom & Wretstrand, Anders, 2014. "Converging structures? Recent regulatory change in bus-based local public transport in Sweden and England," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 24-32.
    11. Alexander Paulsson & Karolina Isaksson, 2019. "Networked authority and regionalised governance: Public transport, a hierarchy of documents and the anti-hierarchy of authorship," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 37(6), pages 985-1004, September.
    12. Cowie, Jonathan, 2014. "Performance, profit and consumer sovereignty in the English deregulated bus market," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 255-262.
    13. van de Velde, Didier & Karl, Astrid, 2018. "Workshop 3 report: Market initiative regimes in bus, coach and rail: Recent developments, threats, developing paradigms and regulatory needs," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 254-259.
    14. Fiorio, Carlo V. & Florio, Massimo & Perucca, Giovanni, 2013. "User satisfaction and the organization of local public transport: Evidence from European cities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 209-218.
    15. Hirschhorn, Fabio & Veeneman, Wijnand & van de Velde, Didier, 2018. "Inventory and rating of performance indicators and organisational features in metropolitan public transport: A worldwide Delphi survey," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 144-156.
    16. Schaaffkamp, Christoph, 2014. "How can customer focus be strengthened in competitive tendering?," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 305-314.
    17. McTigue, Clare & Monios, Jason & Rye, Tom, 2020. "The principal-agent problem in contracting public transport provision to private operators: A case study of the UK Quality Contract Scheme," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    18. Aldenius, Malin, 2018. "Influence of public bus transport organisation on the introduction of renewable fuel," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 106-115.
    19. Nayan, Ashish & Wang, David Z.W., 2017. "Optimal bus transit route packaging in a privatized contracting regime," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 146-157.
    20. Emerson, David & Mulley, Corinne & Bliemer, Michiel C.J., 2016. "A theoretical analysis of business models for urban public transport systems, with comparative reference to a Community Franchise involving Individual Line Ownership," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 368-378.
    21. van de Velde, Didier, 2014. "Market initiative regimes in public transport in Europe: Recent developments," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 33-40.
    22. Hrelja, Robert & Rye, Tom & Mullen, Caroline, 2018. "Partnerships between operators and public transport authorities. Working practices in relational contracting and collaborative partnerships," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 327-338.

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