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Microwave assisted preparation of activated carbon from biomass: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Ao, Wenya
  • Fu, Jie
  • Mao, Xiao
  • Kang, Qinhao
  • Ran, Chunmei
  • Liu, Yang
  • Zhang, Hedong
  • Gao, Zuopeng
  • Li, Jing
  • Liu, Guangqing
  • Dai, Jianjun

Abstract

Activated carbon has been widely used as adsorbents, catalyst support and energy storage materials. Microwave heating is a promising technique for thermochemical treatment and activation of activated carbons due to its fast, selective, uniform and volumetric heating. Previous reviews mainly focused on specific feedstocks (e.g. agricultural biomass or oil palm wastes) or ignored important parameters for microwave activation (e.g. mass of activated carbon precursor). Characteristics of activated carbons prepared from conventional and microwave treatment were not compared and economics of microwave activation were not described in previous studies. This paper presentst a state of the art review of activation under microwave irradiation for various biomass sources (e.g. agricultural wastes, woody biomass and sewage sludge). Characteristics of microwave heating, main activation parameters, research progress and technology status of activated carbon preparation and regeneration under microwave irradiation are investigated with key challenges and economics being addressed. Characteristics of activated carbons made from microwave irradiation and conventional activation are compared and the advantages of microwave-assisted preparation are highlighted. It shows that the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area, iodine number, methylene blue adsorption capacity and the yield of activated carbons under microwave irradiation are up to 2500–3000 m2/g, 1800–2200 mg/g, 500–700 mg/g and 13–96 wt%, respectively, competitive with conventional methods on the quality of activated carbons and process economics. Potential applications and future perspectives are described with pertinent information on activated carbon preparation under microwave irradiation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ao, Wenya & Fu, Jie & Mao, Xiao & Kang, Qinhao & Ran, Chunmei & Liu, Yang & Zhang, Hedong & Gao, Zuopeng & Li, Jing & Liu, Guangqing & Dai, Jianjun, 2018. "Microwave assisted preparation of activated carbon from biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 958-979.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:92:y:2018:i:c:p:958-979
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.051
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    1. Shen, Feng & Xiong, Xinni & Fu, Junyan & Yang, Jirui & Qiu, Mo & Qi, Xinhua & Tsang, Daniel C.W., 2020. "Recent advances in mechanochemical production of chemicals and carbon materials from sustainable biomass resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    2. Siddique, Istiaq Jamil & Salema, Arshad Adam & Antunes, Elsa & Vinu, Ravikrishnan, 2022. "Technical challenges in scaling up the microwave technology for biomass processing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    3. Li, Shuangjun & Yuan, Xiangzhou & Deng, Shuai & Zhao, Li & Lee, Ki Bong, 2021. "A review on biomass-derived CO2 adsorption capture: Adsorbent, adsorber, adsorption, and advice," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    4. Cuong, Dinh Viet & Matsagar, Babasaheb M. & Lee, Mengshan & Hossain, Md. Shahriar A. & Yamauchi, Yusuke & Vithanage, Meththika & Sarkar, Binoy & Ok, Yong Sik & Wu, Kevin C.-W. & Hou, Chia-Hung, 2021. "A critical review on biochar-based engineered hierarchical porous carbon for capacitive charge storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    5. Mutsengerere, S. & Chihobo, C.H. & Musademba, D. & Nhapi, I., 2019. "A review of operating parameters affecting bio-oil yield in microwave pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 328-336.
    6. Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah & Muhammad Fitri Ahmad Asri & Hasfalina Che Man & Abdulsalam Mohammed, 2019. "Prospective Application of Palm Oil Mill Boiler Ash as a Biosorbent: Effect of Microwave Irradiation and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Decolorization by Adsorption," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-18, September.
    7. Eric N. Coker & Xavier Lujan-Flores & Burl Donaldson & Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli, 2023. "An Assessment of the Conversion of Biomass and Industrial Waste Products to Activated Carbon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    8. Ren, Xueyong & Shanb Ghazani, Mohammad & Zhu, Hui & Ao, Wenya & Zhang, Han & Moreside, Emma & Zhu, Jinjiao & Yang, Pu & Zhong, Na & Bi, Xiaotao, 2022. "Challenges and opportunities in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    9. Li, Jinglin & Lin, Li & Ju, Tongyao & Meng, Fanzhi & Han, Siyu & Chen, Kailun & Jiang, Jianguo, 2024. "Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of solid waste for production of high-value liquid oil, syngas, and carbon solids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    10. Yuan, Xiangzhou & Wang, Junyao & Deng, Shuai & Suvarna, Manu & Wang, Xiaonan & Zhang, Wei & Hamilton, Sara Triana & Alahmed, Ammar & Jamal, Aqil & Park, Ah-Hyung Alissa & Bi, Xiaotao & Ok, Yong Sik, 2022. "Recent advancements in sustainable upcycling of solid waste into porous carbons for carbon dioxide capture," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    11. Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque & Nigar Sultana & Abu Sadat Muhammad Sayem & Shamima Akter Smriti, 2022. "Sustainable Adsorbents from Plant-Derived Agricultural Wastes for Anionic Dye Removal: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-25, September.
    12. Ge, Shengbo & Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Xia, Changlei & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Liew, Rock Keey & Peng, Wanxi & Yuan, Tong-Qi & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Sonne, Christia, 2021. "Progress in microwave pyrolysis conversion of agricultural waste to value-added biofuels: A batch to continuous approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    13. Ge, Shengbo & Foong, Shin Ying & Ma, Nyuk Ling & Liew, Rock Keey & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Xia, Changlei & Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Peng, Wanxi & Nam, Wai Lun & Lim, Xin Yi & Liew, Chin Mei & Chong, Chi , 2020. "Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    14. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Juntakan Taweekun & Fairuzeta Ja’afar & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hridoy Roy & Md. , 2023. "Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
    15. Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Kee, Seng Hon & Foong, Shin Ying & Amelia, Tan Suet May & Bhubalan, Kesaven & Man, Mustafa & Yang, YaFeng & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Vithanage, Meththika & Lam, Su Shiung & Sonne, C, 2022. "Generating alternative fuel and bioplastics from medical plastic waste and waste frying oil using microwave co-pyrolysis combined with microbial fermentation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    16. Jia Yen Lai & Lock Hei Ngu & Siti Salwa Hashim, 2021. "A review of CO2 adsorbents performance for different carbon capture technology processes conditions," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 11(5), pages 1076-1117, October.
    17. Sekhon, Satpal Singh & Kaur, Prabhsharan & Park, Jin-Soo, 2021. "From coconut shell biomass to oxygen reduction reaction catalyst: Tuning porosity and nitrogen doping," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    18. Luo, Juan & Ma, Rui & Lin, Junhao & Sun, Shichang & Gong, Guojin & Sun, Jiaman & Chen, Yi & Ma, Ning, 2023. "Review of microwave pyrolysis of sludge to produce high quality biogas: Multi-perspectives process optimization and critical issues proposal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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