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Chemicals usage in stimulation processes for shale gas and deep geothermal systems: A comprehensive review and comparison

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  • Sutra, Emilie
  • Spada, Matteo
  • Burgherr, Peter

Abstract

With the economic establishment of the shale gas exploitation, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have become nowadays common procedures, but not without any controversy. In parallel, the emergent case of deep geothermal energy systems is claimed to not have much to do with the fracking process. Through an intensive review of the available literature and data, we aim to lift the veil on the differences and similarities between shale gas and deep geothermal energy regarding the chemical substances used during the stimulation phase, as far as possible. Such a comparison appears finally not so obvious. In a general way, the effective used quantity of each chemical should not be neglected, even if advertised as being an extremely small percentage of the total stimulation fluids composition. Although some of these substances are considered purely environment/human health friendly, the diversity of potential risks associated with the hazardous chemicals can lead to severe consequences. However, the multitude of possible pathways for these risks tends to show that the main hazards are not especially or exclusively linked to the fluids injection process itself.

Suggested Citation

  • Sutra, Emilie & Spada, Matteo & Burgherr, Peter, 2017. "Chemicals usage in stimulation processes for shale gas and deep geothermal systems: A comprehensive review and comparison," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1-11.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:77:y:2017:i:c:p:1-11
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Qiang & Chen, Xi & Jha, Awadhesh N. & Rogers, Howard, 2014. "Natural gas from shale formation – The evolution, evidences and challenges of shale gas revolution in United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 1-28.
    2. Thorsten Agemar & Josef Weber & Rüdiger Schulz, 2014. "Deep Geothermal Energy Production in Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Bayer, Peter & Rybach, Ladislaus & Blum, Philipp & Brauchler, Ralf, 2013. "Review on life cycle environmental effects of geothermal power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 446-463.
    4. Boudet, Hilary & Clarke, Christopher & Bugden, Dylan & Maibach, Edward & Roser-Renouf, Connie & Leiserowitz, Anthony, 2014. "“Fracking” controversy and communication: Using national survey data to understand public perceptions of hydraulic fracturing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 57-67.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Qiang & Zhan, Lina, 2019. "Assessing the sustainability of the shale gas industry by combining DPSIRM model and RAGA-PP techniques: An empirical analysis of Sichuan and Chongqing, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 353-364.
    2. Wang, Hui & Chen, Li & Qu, Zhiguo & Yin, Ying & Kang, Qinjun & Yu, Bo & Tao, Wen-Quan, 2020. "Modeling of multi-scale transport phenomena in shale gas production — A critical review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

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