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Electrical damping of linear generators for wave energy converters—A review

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  • Ekström, Rickard
  • Ekergård, Boel
  • Leijon, Mats

Abstract

The electrical damping of point-absorber wave energy converters is crucial to optimize the power output. Many circuit topologies have been proposed, but the possible increase in power absorption must be weighed against parameters such as cost, reliability and control system complexity. In this paper, the known electrical damping circuits are categorized, described and compared. The hydrodynamic damping of the buoy is covered, and how a linear generator can be used as a power take-off unit to apply a damping force. A qualitative comparison of the circuits is presented in the end. A more complex and costly power electronics system may be viable for wave energy converters (WECs) of large-scale power rating. However, for farm operation with small-scale WECs, a simpler and passive damping may be more suitable.

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  • Ekström, Rickard & Ekergård, Boel & Leijon, Mats, 2015. "Electrical damping of linear generators for wave energy converters—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 116-128.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:42:y:2015:i:c:p:116-128
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.010
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    2. Jing Zhang & Haitao Yu & Zhenchuan Shi, 2018. "Design and Experiment Analysis of a Direct-Drive Wave Energy Converter with a Linear Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-15, March.
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    6. O'Sullivan, Adrian C.M. & Lightbody, Gordon, 2017. "Co-design of a wave energy converter using constrained predictive control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PA), pages 142-156.
    7. Simon Thomas & Marianna Giassi & Malin Göteman & Martyn Hann & Edward Ransley & Jan Isberg & Jens Engström, 2018. "Performance of a Direct-Driven Wave Energy Point Absorber with High Inertia Rotatory Power Take-off," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    8. Li, Xiaofan & Liang, Changwei & Chen, Chien-An & Xiong, Qiuchi & Parker, Robert G. & Zuo, Lei, 2020. "Optimum power analysis of a self-reactive wave energy point absorber with mechanically-driven power take-offs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    9. Khan, N. & Kalair, A. & Abas, N. & Haider, A., 2017. "Review of ocean tidal, wave and thermal energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 590-604.
    10. Yue Hong & Irina Temiz & Jianfei Pan & Mikael Eriksson & Cecilia Boström, 2021. "Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Cuadra, L. & Salcedo-Sanz, S. & Nieto-Borge, J.C. & Alexandre, E. & Rodríguez, G., 2016. "Computational intelligence in wave energy: Comprehensive review and case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1223-1246.
    12. Jing Zhang & Haitao Yu & Zhenchuan Shi, 2019. "Analysis of a PM Linear Generator with Double Translators for Complementary Energy Generation Platform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-12, December.
    13. Wang, LiGuo & Lin, MaoFeng & Tedeschi, Elisabetta & Engström, Jens & Isberg, Jan, 2020. "Improving electric power generation of a standalone wave energy converter via optimal electric load control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    14. Francisco Francisco & Jennifer Leijon & Cecilia Boström & Jens Engström & Jan Sundberg, 2018. "Wave Power as Solution for Off-Grid Water Desalination Systems: Resource Characterization for Kilifi-Kenya," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, April.
    15. Liguo Wang & Jan Isberg, 2015. "Nonlinear Passive Control of a Wave Energy Converter Subject to Constraints in Irregular Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Valeria Castellucci & Mikael Eriksson & Rafael Waters, 2016. "Impact of Tidal Level Variations on Wave Energy Absorption at Wave Hub," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-11, October.
    17. Wang, Liguo & Isberg, Jan & Tedeschi, Elisabetta, 2018. "Review of control strategies for wave energy conversion systems and their validation: the wave-to-wire approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 366-379.
    18. Guo, Bingyong & Ringwood, John V., 2021. "Geometric optimisation of wave energy conversion devices: A survey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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