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Algal biofuel from urban wastewater in India: Scope and challenges

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  • Ramachandra, T.V.
  • Durga Madhab, Mahapatra
  • Shilpi, Samantray
  • Joshi, N.V.

Abstract

Rapidly depleting stocks of fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have necessitated the exploration of cost effective sustainable energy sources focussing on biofuels through algae. Abundant wastewaters generated in urban localities every day provide the nourishment to nurture algae for biofuel generation. The present communication focuses on the lipid prospects of algae grown in wastewater systems. Euglena sp., Spirogyra sp. and Phormidium sp. were collected from selected locations of sewage fed urban lakes and sewage treatment plants of Bangalore and Mysore. The total lipid content of Euglena sp. was higher (24.6%) compared to Spirogyra sp. (18.4%) followed by Phormidium sp. (8.8%) and their annual lipid yield potential was 6.52, 1.94 and 2.856t/ha/year, respectively. These species showed higher content of fatty acids (palmitate, stearate followed by oleic and linoleic acids) with the desirable biofuel properties.

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  • Ramachandra, T.V. & Durga Madhab, Mahapatra & Shilpi, Samantray & Joshi, N.V., 2013. "Algal biofuel from urban wastewater in India: Scope and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 767-777.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:21:y:2013:i:c:p:767-777
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.029
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ramachandra, T.V. & Saranya, G., 2022. "Sustainable Bioeconomy prospects of diatom biorefineries in the Indian west coast," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    2. Li, Ji & Wu, Dawei & Mohammadsami Attar, Hassan & Xu, Hongming, 2022. "Geometric neuro-fuzzy transfer learning for in-cylinder pressure modelling of a diesel engine fuelled with raw microalgae oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    3. Correa, Diego F. & Beyer, Hawthorne L. & Fargione, Joseph E. & Hill, Jason D. & Possingham, Hugh P. & Thomas-Hall, Skye R. & Schenk, Peer M., 2019. "Towards the implementation of sustainable biofuel production systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 250-263.
    4. Saranya, G. & Ramachandra, T.V., 2020. "Novel biocatalyst for optimal biodiesel production from diatoms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 919-934.
    5. Piloto-Rodríguez, Ramón & Sánchez-Borroto, Yisel & Melo-Espinosa, Eliezer Ahmed & Verhelst, Sebastian, 2017. "Assessment of diesel engine performance when fueled with biodiesel from algae and microalgae: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 833-842.
    6. Enamala, Manoj Kumar & Enamala, Swapnika & Chavali, Murthy & Donepudi, Jagadish & Yadavalli, Rajasri & Kolapalli, Bhulakshmi & Aradhyula, Tirumala Vasu & Velpuri, Jeevitha & Kuppam, Chandrasekhar, 2018. "Production of biofuels from microalgae - A review on cultivation, harvesting, lipid extraction, and numerous applications of microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 49-68.
    7. Gaurav, N. & Sivasankari, S. & Kiran, GS & Ninawe, A. & Selvin, J., 2017. "Utilization of bioresources for sustainable biofuels: A Review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 205-214.
    8. Ramachandra, T.V. & Bajpai, Vishnu & Kulkarni, Gouri & Aithal, Bharath H. & Han, Sun Sheng, 2017. "Economic disparity and CO2 emissions: The domestic energy sector in Greater Bangalore, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1331-1344.
    9. Judd, S.J. & Al Momani, F.A.O. & Znad, H. & Al Ketife, A.M.D., 2017. "The cost benefit of algal technology for combined CO2 mitigation and nutrient abatement," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 379-387.
    10. Cheah, Wai Yan & Ling, Tau Chuan & Show, Pau Loke & Juan, Joon Ching & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2016. "Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: A microalgae platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 609-625.
    11. Wegener, Moritz & Malmquist, Anders & Isalgué, Antonio & Martin, Andrew, 2018. "Biomass-fired combined cooling, heating and power for small scale applications – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 392-410.
    12. Ramachandra, T.V. & Hebbale, Deepthi, 2020. "Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).

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