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Review of battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles

Author

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  • Hwang, Foo Shen
  • Confrey, Thomas
  • Reidy, Colin
  • Picovici, Dorel
  • Callaghan, Dean
  • Culliton, David
  • Nolan, Cathal

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are the most commonly used battery type in commercial electric vehicles due to their high energy densities and ability to be repeatedly charged and discharged over many cycles. In order to maximize the efficiency of a li-ion battery pack, a stable temperature range between 15 °C to 35 °C must be maintained. As such, a reliable and robust battery thermal management system is needed to dissipate heat and regulate the li-ion battery pack’s temperature. This paper reviews how heat is generated across a li-ion cell as well as the current research work being done on the four main battery thermal management types which include air-cooled, liquid-cooled, phase change material based and thermo-electric based systems. Additionally, the strengths and weaknesses of each battery thermal management type is reviewed in this study. It was determined that air cooled systems are suited for short-distance travel electric vehicles, liquid cooled are for electric vehicles that require long-distance travel, larger battery packs and for high thermal loads, phase change material based are for electric vehicles with constant thermal loads and stable ambient temperatures and thermo-electric battery thermal management systems are best best suited in conjunction with the other types for better control.

Suggested Citation

  • Hwang, Foo Shen & Confrey, Thomas & Reidy, Colin & Picovici, Dorel & Callaghan, Dean & Culliton, David & Nolan, Cathal, 2024. "Review of battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:192:y:2024:i:c:s1364032123010298
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114171
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    1. Fu, Jianqin & Li, Hao & Sun, Xilei & Zhang, Guanjie, 2024. "Many-objective optimization for overall performance of an electric sport utility vehicle under multiple temperature conditions based on natural gradient boosting model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    2. Sui, Zengguang & Lin, Haosheng & Sun, Qin & Dong, Kaijun & Wu, Wei, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization of efficient liquid cooling-based battery thermal management system using hybrid manifold channels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    3. Togun, Hussein & S. Sultan Aljibori, Hakim & Biswas, Nirmalendu & I. Mohammed, Hayder & M. Sadeq, Abdellatif & Lafta Rashid, Farhan & Abdulrazzaq, Tuqa & Ali Zearah, Sajad, 2024. "A critical review on the efficient cooling strategy of batteries of electric vehicles: Advances, challenges, future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    4. Yu, Dongmin & Huang, Wenzuo & Wan, Ximing & Fan, Siyuan & Sun, Tianyi, 2024. "Optimization of simultaneous utilization of air and water flow in a hybrid cooling system for thermal management of a lithium-ion battery pack," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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