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Observations of hydraulic stimulations in seven enhanced geothermal system projects

Author

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  • Xie, Linmao
  • Min, Ki-Bok
  • Song, Yoonho

Abstract

Numerous stimulation tests have been performed on Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) or Hot Dry Rock (HDR) projects during the past three decades, however, there is much room for improvement in our knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of stimulation. This paper investigated the hydraulic stimulation tests carried out on seven EGS or HDR projects where massive volume of fluid was injected into the long open section of the well with interval of tens to hundreds of meters in the crystalline formation. The key characteristic test and performance parameters were defined and collected through extensive survey of stimulation results. Attempts were made to carry out comparative analysis on reservoir conditions, test parameters and test observations. The analysis and discussion suggest that 1) the reservoir stress regime impacts the growth of stimulated region and the reverse faulting stress regime can be favorable for the layout of multiple well system as it may lead to a horizontally or sub-horizontally oriented stimulated zone; 2) the injection pressure for activating shear slip and the associated onset of seismicity is mainly field stress controlled; 3) there is strong dependency of injectivity on injection pressure and a high pressure makes a better hydraulic injectivity during stimulation and consequently afterwards for circulation; 4) the stimulated region and number of induced seismic events are mainly injection volume controlled and the potential strategy to reduce seismic risks is either to extend stimulation in time or to separate stimulation in space; and 5) the differential stress condition is one of the necessary factors to raise a large magnitude event (LME) and the difference of maximum injection pressure achieved over that at onset of seismicity is an important additional factor to induce LMEs.

Suggested Citation

  • Xie, Linmao & Min, Ki-Bok & Song, Yoonho, 2015. "Observations of hydraulic stimulations in seven enhanced geothermal system projects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 56-65.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:79:y:2015:i:c:p:56-65
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.07.044
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Kwang-Il & Min, Ki-Bok & Kim, Kwang-Yeom & Choi, Jai Won & Yoon, Kern-Shin & Yoon, Woon Sang & Yoon, Byungjoon & Lee, Tae Jong & Song, Yoonho, 2018. "Protocol for induced microseismicity in the first enhanced geothermal systems project in Pohang, Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1182-1191.
    2. Liang, Xu & Xu, Tianfu & Chen, Jingyi & Jiang, Zhenjiao, 2023. "A deep-learning based model for fracture network characterization constrained by induced micro-seismicity and tracer test data in enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Olasolo, P. & Juárez, M.C. & Morales, M.P. & D´Amico, Sebastiano & Liarte, I.A., 2016. "Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 133-144.
    4. Xu, Haoran & Cheng, Jingru & Zhao, Zhihong & Lin, Tianyi & Liu, Guihong & Chen, Sicong, 2021. "Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical modeling on acid fracturing in carbonatite geothermal reservoirs containing a heterogeneous fracture," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 145-157.
    5. Isaka, B.L. Avanthi & Ranjith, P.G. & Rathnaweera, T.D. & Perera, M.S.A. & Kumari, W.G.P., 2019. "Influence of long-term operation of supercritical carbon dioxide based enhanced geothermal system on mineralogical and microstructurally-induced mechanical alteration of surrounding rock mass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 428-441.
    6. Park, Sehyeok & Kim, Kwang-Il & Kwon, Saeha & Yoo, Hwajung & Xie, Linmao & Min, Ki-Bok & Kim, Kwang Yeom, 2018. "Development of a hydraulic stimulation simulator toolbox for enhanced geothermal system design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 879-895.
    7. Salimzadeh, S. & Grandahl, M. & Medetbekova, M. & Nick, H.M., 2019. "A novel radial jet drilling stimulation technique for enhancing heat recovery from fractured geothermal reservoirs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 395-409.
    8. Slatlem Vik, Hedda & Salimzadeh, Saeed & Nick, Hamidreza M., 2018. "Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 606-622.

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