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Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst

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  • Ullah, Zahoor
  • Bustam, Mohamad Azmi
  • Man, Zakaria

Abstract

The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst was investigated. Generally, alkaline based catalysts are used to catalyze the transesterification reaction, but for waste cooking oil where it contains high free fatty acids, direct usage is not possible due to separation of layers and saponification problems. In this study, a two-step process i.e. esterification and transesterification was performed. The ionic liquid butyl-methyl imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be effective due to its longer side chain. The highest biodiesel Yield was obtained with 5 wt.% BMIMHSO4, methanol:oil of 15:1, 60 min reaction time, at 160 °C, and agitation speed of 600 rpm, reduced the waste cooking oil acid value lower than 1.0 mg KOH/g. The second step of transesterification catalyzed by KOH at 60 °C, 1.0 wt.% and 60 min of reaction time. The final yield was 95.65 wt.%. The synthesized biodiesel was analysed by 1H NMR, FTIR TGA and GC, and its physiochemical properties were determined by standard ASTM methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Ullah, Zahoor & Bustam, Mohamad Azmi & Man, Zakaria, 2015. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 521-526.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:77:y:2015:i:c:p:521-526
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.040
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    15. Gualberto Zavarize, Danilo & Braun, Heder & Diniz de Oliveira, Jorge, 2021. "Methanolysis of low-FFA waste cooking oil with novel carbon-based heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from Amazon açaí berry seeds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 621-634.
    16. Enagi, Ibrahim I. & Al-attab, K.A. & Zainal, Z.A., 2018. "Liquid biofuels utilization for gas turbines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 43-55.
    17. Cai, Dongren & Zhan, Guowu & Xiao, Jingran & Zhou, Shu-Feng & Qiu, Ting, 2021. "Design and synthesis of novel amphipathic ionic liquids for biodiesel production from soapberry oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 779-790.
    18. Singh, Himmat & Ali, Amjad, 2023. "Esterification as well as transesterification of waste oil using potassium imbued tungstophosphoric acid supported graphene oxide as heterogeneous catalyst: Optimization and kinetic modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 422-435.
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    20. AlSharifi, Mariam & Znad, Hussein, 2020. "Transesterification of waste canola oil by lithium/zinc composite supported on waste chicken bone as an effective catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 740-749.

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