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Determination of the combined vibrational and acoustic emission signature of a wind turbine gearbox and generator shaft in service as a pre-requisite for effective condition monitoring

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  • Soua, Slim
  • Van Lieshout, Paul
  • Perera, Asanka
  • Gan, Tat-Hean
  • Bridge, Bryan

Abstract

A review of current progress in Condition Monitoring (CM) of wind turbine gearboxes and generators is presented, as an input to the design of a new continuous CM system with automated warnings based on a combination of vibrational and Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis. For wind turbines, existing reportage on vibrational monitoring is restricted to a few case histories whilst data on AE is even scarcer. In contrast, this paper presents combined vibration and AE monitoring performed over a continuous period of 5 days on a wind turbine. The vibrational and AE signatures for a healthy wind turbine gearbox and generator were obtained as a function of wind speed and turbine power, for the full normal range of these operational variables. i.e. 5–25 m/s and 0–300 kW respectively. The signatures have been determined as a vital pre-requisite for the identification of abnormal signatures attributable to shaft and gearbox defects. Worst-case standard deviations have been calculated for the sensor data. These standard deviations determine the minimum defect signal that could be detected within the defined time interval without false alarms in an automated warning system.

Suggested Citation

  • Soua, Slim & Van Lieshout, Paul & Perera, Asanka & Gan, Tat-Hean & Bridge, Bryan, 2013. "Determination of the combined vibrational and acoustic emission signature of a wind turbine gearbox and generator shaft in service as a pre-requisite for effective condition monitoring," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 175-181.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:51:y:2013:i:c:p:175-181
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.004
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    1. Beganovic, Nejra & Söffker, Dirk, 2016. "Structural health management utilization for lifetime prognosis and advanced control strategy deployment of wind turbines: An overview and outlook concerning actual methods, tools, and obtained result," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 68-83.
    2. Zappalá, D. & Sarma, N. & Djurović, S. & Crabtree, C.J. & Mohammad, A. & Tavner, P.J., 2019. "Electrical & mechanical diagnostic indicators of wind turbine induction generator rotor faults," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 14-24.
    3. Pedro Santos & Jesús Maudes & Andres Bustillo, 2018. "Identifying maximum imbalance in datasets for fault diagnosis of gearboxes," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 333-351, February.
    4. Mohamed Benbouzid & Tarek Berghout & Nur Sarma & Siniša Djurović & Yueqi Wu & Xiandong Ma, 2021. "Intelligent Condition Monitoring of Wind Power Systems: State of the Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-33, September.
    5. Wang, Anqi & Pei, Yan & Qian, Zheng & Zareipour, Hamidreza & Jing, Bo & An, Jiayi, 2022. "A two-stage anomaly decomposition scheme based on multi-variable correlation extraction for wind turbine fault detection and identification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    6. Hesam Mirzaei Rafsanjani & John Dalsgaard Sørensen, 2015. "Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Failure of Cast Components for Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Pinjia Zhang & Delong Lu, 2019. "A Survey of Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis toward Integrated O&M for Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Igba, Joel & Alemzadeh, Kazem & Durugbo, Christopher & Eiriksson, Egill Thor, 2016. "Analysing RMS and peak values of vibration signals for condition monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 90-106.
    9. Liu, W.Y. & Tang, B.P. & Han, J.G. & Lu, X.N. & Hu, N.N. & He, Z.Z., 2015. "The structure healthy condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods in wind turbines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 466-472.
    10. Ruiz de la Hermosa González-Carrato, Raúl, 2017. "Sound and vibration-based pattern recognition for wind turbines driving mechanisms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 262-274.
    11. Sun, Peng & Li, Jian & Wang, Caisheng & Lei, Xiao, 2016. "A generalized model for wind turbine anomaly identification based on SCADA data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 550-567.
    12. Ruiz de la Hermosa González-Carrato, Raúl & García Márquez, Fausto Pedro & Dimlaye, Vichaar, 2015. "Maintenance management of wind turbines structures via MFCs and wavelet transforms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 472-482.
    13. Wang, Anqi & Qian, Zheng & Pei, Yan & Jing, Bo, 2022. "A de-ambiguous condition monitoring scheme for wind turbines using least squares generative adversarial networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 267-279.
    14. Alberto Pliego Marugán & Fausto Pedro García Márquez & Jesús María Pinar Pérez, 2016. "Optimal Maintenance Management of Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, January.
    15. Pierre Tchakoua & René Wamkeue & Mohand Ouhrouche & Fouad Slaoui-Hasnaoui & Tommy Andy Tameghe & Gabriel Ekemb, 2014. "Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: State-of-the-Art Review, New Trends, and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-36, April.
    16. Alina Fazylova & Baurzhan Tultayev & Teodor Iliev & Ivaylo Stoyanov & Ivan Beloev, 2023. "Development of a Control Unit for the Angle of Attack of a Vertically Axial Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
    17. Yang, Ruizhen & He, Yunze & Zhang, Hong, 2016. "Progress and trends in nondestructive testing and evaluation for wind turbine composite blade," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1225-1250.
    18. Mérigaud, Alexis & Ringwood, John V., 2016. "Condition-based maintenance methods for marine renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 53-78.
    19. Chen, Junsheng & Li, Jian & Chen, Weigen & Wang, Youyuan & Jiang, Tianyan, 2020. "Anomaly detection for wind turbines based on the reconstruction of condition parameters using stacked denoising autoencoders," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1469-1480.
    20. Igba, Joel & Alemzadeh, Kazem & Durugbo, Christopher & Henningsen, Keld, 2015. "Performance assessment of wind turbine gearboxes using in-service data: Current approaches and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 144-159.
    21. Kilic, Gokhan & Unluturk, Mehmet S., 2015. "Testing of wind turbine towers using wireless sensor network and accelerometer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 318-325.
    22. Romero, Antonio & Soua, Slim & Gan, Tat-Hean & Wang, Bin, 2018. "Condition monitoring of a wind turbine drive train based on its power dependant vibrations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 817-827.

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