An innovative bi-level scheduling model with hydrogen-thermal-electricity co-supply and dynamic carbon capture strategies for regional integrated energy systems considering hybrid games

With the progression of hydrogen energy technologies, Regional Integrated Energy Systems (RIES) have become instrumental in fostering energy transitions and enhancements. However, the absence of adequate regulatory frameworks for hydrogen-based RIES, hampers the full exploitation of hydrogen energy's potential. Moreover, RIES systems do not intrinsically possess zero-pollution characteristics. To tackle these issues, this study introduces three major innovations: a bi-level scheduling model incorporating a hydrogen energy co-supply strategy, a dynamic carbon capture approach for RIES, and a multi-objective Kepler optimization algorithm (MOKOA) for solving the model. The MOKOA is tailored to assess the impacts of hydrogen energy and carbon capture on system operations, and the interactions among different energy stakeholders. The findings indicate that with dynamic carbon capture strategies, increasing the hydrogen energy utilization factor from 0.2 to 0.6 results in a 6.73 % and 3.50 % increase in returns for energy producers and energy dispatch centers, respectively. Despite a 1.35 % increase in the comprehensive economic cost of IESs, carbon emissions decline by 2.54 %, and total electricity generation from hydrogen fuel cells escalates from 856.83 kWh to 1869.41 kWh. This improvement in hydrogen utilization and concurrent reduction in carbon emissions markedly enhance the economic viability of RIES operations.