IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v224y2024ics0960148124002490.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Metocean conditions at two Norwegian sites for development of offshore wind farms

Author

Listed:
  • Cheynet, Etienne
  • Li, Lin
  • Jiang, Zhiyu

Abstract

This paper examines metocean data from NORA3, a state-of-the-art wind and wave hindcast dataset for Northern Europe. Two offshore Norwegian areas, Utsira Nord (UN) and Sørlige Nordsjø II (SN2), are investigated. Both areas offer significant potential for the offshore wind sector. UN is situated in deep-sea water, suitable for floating offshore wind turbines. In contrast, SN2 lies in intermediate waters and ranks among the North Sea’s most promising regions allocated for offshore wind. Data from NORA3, originally on a 3-km resolution grid, are resampled into unstructured grids spanning from 1982 to 2022. This refined dataset offers a climatology time scale with superior spatial and temporal resolution compared to most other hindcast and reanalysis databases. The study examines mean wind speed and direction across seven levels, ranging from 10 m to 750 m above the surface. Analyses of extreme wind and wave conditions have been conducted. Results reveal that UN experiences higher extreme wave heights than SN2 while the extreme wind speeds may be substantially larger at SN2 than UN. Moreover, this study establishes joint distribution models that encompass several parameters, including mean wind speed, significant wave height, wave spectral peak period, and direction difference between wind and waves. Thus, this metocean data is valuable for designing and analyzing floating wind farms over their lifecycles.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheynet, Etienne & Li, Lin & Jiang, Zhiyu, 2024. "Metocean conditions at two Norwegian sites for development of offshore wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:224:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124002490
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120184
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124002490
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120184?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rieska Mawarni Putri & Charlotte Obhrai & Jasna Bogunovic Jakobsen & Muk Chen Ong, 2020. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Offshore Turbulent Wind Inflow on the Response of a Spar Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    2. Murthy, K.S.R. & Rahi, O.P., 2017. "A comprehensive review of wind resource assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1320-1342.
    3. Ju Feng & Wen Zhong Shen, 2015. "Modelling Wind for Wind Farm Layout Optimization Using Joint Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Zhiyu Jiang & Weifei Hu & Wenbin Dong & Zhen Gao & Zhengru Ren, 2017. "Structural Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Porchetta, Sara & Muñoz-Esparza, Domingo & Munters, Wim & van Beeck, Jeroen & van Lipzig, Nicole, 2021. "Impact of ocean waves on offshore wind farm power production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1179-1193.
    6. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2022. "Mapping of the levelised cost of energy for floating offshore wind in the European Atlantic," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Ahsan, Dewan & Pedersen, Søren, 2018. "The influence of stakeholder groups in operation and maintenance services of offshore wind farms: Lesson from Denmark," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 819-828.
    8. Amin Niayifar & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2016. "Analytical Modeling of Wind Farms: A New Approach for Power Prediction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-13, September.
    9. Linnerud, K. & Dugstad, A. & Rygg, B.J., 2022. "Do people prefer offshore to onshore wind energy? The role of ownership and intended use," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    10. Bosch, Jonathan & Staffell, Iain & Hawkes, Adam D., 2018. "Temporally explicit and spatially resolved global offshore wind energy potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 766-781.
    11. Kim, Dae-Young & Kim, Yeon-Hee & Kim, Bum-Suk, 2021. "Changes in wind turbine power characteristics and annual energy production due to atmospheric stability, turbulence intensity, and wind shear," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    12. Gualtieri, G., 2022. "Analysing the uncertainties of reanalysis data used for wind resource assessment: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    13. Sergiienko, N.Y. & da Silva, L.S.P. & Bachynski-Polić, E.E. & Cazzolato, B.S. & Arjomandi, M. & Ding, B., 2022. "Review of scaling laws applied to floating offshore wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    14. Majidi Nezhad, Meysam & Neshat, Mehdi & Piras, Giuseppe & Astiaso Garcia, Davide, 2022. "Sites exploring prioritisation of offshore wind energy potential and mapping for wind farms installation: Iranian islands case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    15. Jiang, Zhiyu & Xing, Yihan, 2022. "Load mitigation method for wind turbines during emergency shutdowns," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 978-995.
    16. Gualtieri, Giovanni, 2019. "A comprehensive review on wind resource extrapolation models applied in wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 215-233.
    17. Lerch, Markus & De-Prada-Gil, Mikel & Molins, Climent, 2019. "The influence of different wind and wave conditions on the energy yield and downtime of a Spar-buoy floating wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1-14.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pérez Albornoz, C. & Escalante Soberanis, M.A. & Ramírez Rivera, V. & Rivero, M., 2022. "Review of atmospheric stability estimations for wind power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    2. He, J.Y. & Chan, P.W. & Li, Q.S. & Lee, C.W., 2022. "Characterizing coastal wind energy resources based on sodar and microwave radiometer observations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    3. Yang, Zihao & Dong, Sheng, 2024. "A novel framework for wind energy assessment at multi-time scale based on non-stationary wind speed models: A case study in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    4. Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2018. "Realistic Wind Farm Layout Optimization through Genetic Algorithms Using a Gaussian Wake Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-26, November.
    5. Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2021. "Wind Farm Area Shape Optimization Using Newly Developed Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-25, July.
    6. Moradian, Sogol & Olbert, Agnieszka I. & Gharbia, Salem & Iglesias, Gregorio, 2023. "Copula-based projections of wind power: Ireland as a case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    7. Antoine Chrétien & Antoine Tahan & Philippe Cambron & Adaiton Oliveira-Filho, 2023. "Operational Wind Turbine Blade Damage Evaluation Based on 10-min SCADA and 1 Hz Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Ghigo, Alberto & Faraggiana, Emilio & Giorgi, Giuseppe & Mattiazzo, Giuliana & Bracco, Giovanni, 2024. "Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for offshore applications among potentialities and challenges: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Christy Pérez & Michel Rivero & Mauricio Escalante & Victor Ramirez & Damien Guilbert, 2023. "Influence of Atmospheric Stability on Wind Turbine Energy Production: A Case Study of the Coastal Region of Yucatan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Gao, Qiang & Hayward, Jennifer A. & Sergiienko, Nataliia & Khan, Salman Saeed & Hemer, Mark & Ertugrul, Nesimi & Ding, Boyin, 2024. "Detailed mapping of technical capacities and economics potential of offshore wind energy: A case study in South-eastern Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    11. Russell McKenna & Stefan Pfenninger & Heidi Heinrichs & Johannes Schmidt & Iain Staffell & Katharina Gruber & Andrea N. Hahmann & Malte Jansen & Michael Klingler & Natascha Landwehr & Xiaoli Guo Lars', 2021. "Reviewing methods and assumptions for high-resolution large-scale onshore wind energy potential assessments," Papers 2103.09781, arXiv.org.
    12. Putuhena, Hugo & White, David & Gourvenec, Susan & Sturt, Fraser, 2023. "Finding space for offshore wind to support net zero: A methodology to assess spatial constraints and future scenarios, illustrated by a UK case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    13. Daniel Tabas & Jiannong Fang & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2019. "Wind Energy Prediction in Highly Complex Terrain by Computational Fluid Dynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-12, April.
    14. McKenna, Russell & Pfenninger, Stefan & Heinrichs, Heidi & Schmidt, Johannes & Staffell, Iain & Bauer, Christian & Gruber, Katharina & Hahmann, Andrea N. & Jansen, Malte & Klingler, Michael & Landwehr, 2022. "High-resolution large-scale onshore wind energy assessments: A review of potential definitions, methodologies and future research needs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 659-684.
    15. Kirchner-Bossi, Nicolas & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2024. "Wind farm power density optimization according to the area size using a novel self-adaptive genetic algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    16. Jung, Christopher & Schindler, Dirk, 2023. "Introducing a new wind speed complementarity model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    17. Yang, Xinrong & Jiang, Xin & Liang, Shijing & Qin, Yingzuo & Ye, Fan & Ye, Bin & Xu, Jiayu & He, Xinyue & Wu, Jie & Dong, Tianyun & Cai, Xitian & Xu, Rongrong & Zeng, Zhenzhong, 2024. "Spatiotemporal variation of power law exponent on the use of wind energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    18. Cao, Lichao & Ge, Mingwei & Gao, Xiaoxia & Du, Bowen & Li, Baoliang & Huang, Zhi & Liu, Yongqian, 2022. "Wind farm layout optimization to minimize the wake induced turbulence effect on wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    19. Qu, Yang & Hooper, Tara & Austen, Melanie C. & Papathanasopoulou, Eleni & Huang, Junling & Yan, Xiaoyu, 2023. "Development of a computable general equilibrium model based on integrated macroeconomic framework for ocean multi-use between offshore wind farms and fishing activities in Scotland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    20. Akhtar Hussain & Van-Hai Bui & Hak-Man Kim, 2016. "Robust Optimization-Based Scheduling of Multi-Microgrids Considering Uncertainties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-21, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:224:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124002490. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.