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Global solar radiation in Northeastern Saudi Arabia

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  • Aksakal, Ahmet
  • Rehman, Shafiqur

Abstract

This paper presents the actual global solar radiation on a horizontal surface along with the prevailing meteorological conditions encountered during the measurement period from 1 January–31 December, for one complete year, in the Arabian Gulf Coast near the city of Dhahran. High resolution, real time solar radiation and meteorological data were collected, and processed. Hourly, daily, and monthly statistics of solar radiation was made from the one-minute averaged recorded values. The highest measured daily, and monthly mean solar radiation were found to be 351 and 328 W/m−2, respectively. The highest one-minute averaged solar radiation values up to 1183 W/m−2 were observed in the summer season, from May–September. The highest hourly solar radiation value was recorded as 1053 W/m−2 in the middle of June. Beside the global solar radiation measurements, the main observed meteorological parameters were temperature, pressure, wind speed, precipitation, and relative humidity. On the other hand, the estimation of daily and monthly mean global solar radiation was performed based upon two empirical formulas which relate the solar radiation to the sunshine duration, relative humidity, maximum temperature, the latitude of the monitoring location, sunset hour and declination angles. The agreement between the measured and estimated solar radiation values was found to be satisfactory. Nevertheless, the empirical formula under-estimates the solar radiation values during summer, and over-estimates during winter.

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  • Aksakal, Ahmet & Rehman, Shafiqur, 1999. "Global solar radiation in Northeastern Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 461-472.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:17:y:1999:i:4:p:461-472
    DOI: 10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00769-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rehman, Shafiqur & Halawani, Talal Omar, 1997. "Global solar radiation estimation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 369-385.
    2. Zuhairy, Akram A. & Sayigh, A.A.M., 1995. "Simulation and modeling of solar radiation in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 6(2), pages 107-118.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ghaithan, Ahmed M. & Al-Hanbali, Ahmad & Mohammed, Awsan & Attia, Ahmed M. & Saleh, Haitham & Alsawafy, Omar, 2021. "Optimization of a solar-wind- grid powered desalination system in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 295-306.
    2. Rehman, Shafiqur & Bader, Maher A. & Al-Moallem, Said A., 2007. "Cost of solar energy generated using PV panels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1843-1857, October.
    3. Islam, M.D. & Kubo, I. & Ohadi, M. & Alili, A.A., 2009. "Measurement of solar energy radiation in Abu Dhabi, UAE," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(4), pages 511-515, April.
    4. Khan, Meer A.M. & Rehman, S. & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A., 2018. "A hybrid renewable energy system as a potential energy source for water desalination using reverse osmosis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 456-477.
    5. Islam, M.D. & Alili, A.A. & Kubo, I. & Ohadi, M., 2010. "Measurement of solar-energy (direct beam radiation) in Abu Dhabi, UAE," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 515-519.
    6. Mohammed A. Al Yousif, 2020. "Renewable Energy Challenges and Opportunities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(9), pages 1-1, September.
    7. El Chaar, Lana & Lamont, Lisa A., 2010. "Global solar radiation: Multiple on-site assessments in Abu Dhabi, UAE," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1596-1601.
    8. Hussain, Sajid & AlAlili, Ali, 2017. "A hybrid solar radiation modeling approach using wavelet multiresolution analysis and artificial neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 540-550.
    9. Touati, Farid & Al-Hitmi, M.A. & Chowdhury, Noor Alam & Hamad, Jehan Abu & San Pedro Gonzales, Antonio J.R., 2016. "Investigation of solar PV performance under Doha weather using a customized measurement and monitoring system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 564-577.
    10. Amir A. Imam & Yusuf A. Al-Turki & Sreerama Kumar R., 2019. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment of Grid-Connected PV Systems for Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.
    11. Bachour, D. & Perez-Astudillo, D., 2014. "Ground measurements of Global Horizontal Irradiation in Doha, Qatar," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 32-36.
    12. Touati, Farid & Chowdhury, Noor Alam & Benhmed, Kamel & San Pedro Gonzales, Antonio J.R. & Al-Hitmi, Mohammed A. & Benammar, Mohieddine & Gastli, Adel & Ben-Brahim, Lazhar, 2017. "Long-term performance analysis and power prediction of PV technology in the State of Qatar," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 952-965.
    13. Rehman, Shafiqur & Ghori, Saleem G, 2000. "Spatial estimation of global solar radiation using geostatistics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 583-605.
    14. Tugrul Ogulata, R. & Noyan Ogulata, S., 2002. "Solar radiation on Adana, Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(4), pages 351-358, April.
    15. Zawilska, E. & Brooks, M.J., 2011. "An assessment of the solar resource for Durban, South Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3433-3438.

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