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Tilt and azimuth angles in solar energy applications – A review

Author

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  • Hafez, A.Z.
  • Soliman, A.
  • El-Metwally, K.A.
  • Ismail, I.M.

Abstract

This paper presents a review of tilt angle and azimuth angles in solar energy applications. The paper involves an overview of design parameter, applications, simulations and mathematical techniques covering different usage application. The number of references analysing the tilt angle deployment in the context of the research papers of the different countries currently having operations in solar systems is much more significant. Different kinds of models and test methods of optimum tilt angle in different solar systems have been developed since 1956 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques as shown in the latest researches. The mathematical models allows the calculation of different parameters of the solar radiation, the angle of inclination, and the optimum tilt angle of the collecting surface and the effects acting on the system.

Suggested Citation

  • Hafez, A.Z. & Soliman, A. & El-Metwally, K.A. & Ismail, I.M., 2017. "Tilt and azimuth angles in solar energy applications – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 147-168.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:77:y:2017:i:c:p:147-168
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.131
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