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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard

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  • Rakib, M.I.
  • Evans, S.P.
  • Clausen, P.D.

Abstract

The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakib, M.I. & Evans, S.P. & Clausen, P.D., 2020. "Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1134-1142.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:1134-1142
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karthikeya, B.R. & Negi, Prabal S. & Srikanth, N., 2016. "Wind resource assessment for urban renewable energy application in Singapore," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 403-414.
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    3. Evans, S.P. & Clausen, P.D., 2015. "Modelling of turbulent wind flow using the embedded Markov chain method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 671-678.
    4. Tabrizi, Amir Bashirzadeh & Whale, Jonathan & Lyons, Thomas & Urmee, Tania, 2015. "Rooftop wind monitoring campaigns for small wind turbine applications: Effect of sampling rate and averaging period," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 320-330.
    5. Evans, S.P. & Bradney, D.R. & Clausen, P.D., 2018. "Assessing the IEC simplified fatigue load equations for small wind turbine blades: How simple is too simple?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 24-31.
    6. Bashirzadeh Tabrizi, Amir & Whale, Jonathan & Lyons, Thomas & Urmee, Tania & Peinke, Joachim, 2017. "Modelling the structural loading of a small wind turbine at a highly turbulent site via modifications to the Kaimal turbulence spectra," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 288-300.
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    3. José Luis Torres-Madroñero & Joham Alvarez-Montoya & Daniel Restrepo-Montoya & Jorge Mario Tamayo-Avendaño & César Nieto-Londoño & Julián Sierra-Pérez, 2020. "Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-39, November.

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