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Integrating cyber attacks within fault trees

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  • Nai Fovino, Igor
  • Masera, Marcelo
  • De Cian, Alessio

Abstract

In this paper, a new method for quantitative security risk assessment of complex systems is presented, combining fault-tree analysis, traditionally used in reliability analysis, with the recently introduced Attack-tree analysis, proposed for the study of malicious attack patterns. The combined use of fault trees and attack trees helps the analyst to effectively face the security challenges posed by the introduction of modern ICT technologies in the control systems of critical infrastructures. The proposed approach allows considering the interaction of malicious deliberate acts with random failures. Formal definitions of fault tree and attack tree are provided and a mathematical model for the calculation of system fault probabilities is presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Nai Fovino, Igor & Masera, Marcelo & De Cian, Alessio, 2009. "Integrating cyber attacks within fault trees," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(9), pages 1394-1402.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:94:y:2009:i:9:p:1394-1402
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2009.02.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huitsing, Peter & Chandia, Rodrigo & Papa, Mauricio & Shenoi, Sujeet, 2008. "Attack taxonomies for the Modbus protocols," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 1(C), pages 37-44.
    2. Aven, Terje, 2007. "A unified framework for risk and vulnerability analysis covering both safety and security," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 92(6), pages 745-754.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kriaa, Siwar & Pietre-Cambacedes, Ludovic & Bouissou, Marc & Halgand, Yoran, 2015. "A survey of approaches combining safety and security for industrial control systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 156-178.
    2. SICARD, Franck & ZAMAI, Éric & FLAUS, Jean-Marie, 2019. "An approach based on behavioral models and critical states distance notion for improving cybersecurity of industrial control systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 584-603.
    3. Han, Sang Min & Lee, Chanyoung & Seong, Poong Hyun, 2022. "Estimating the frequency of cyber threats to nuclear power plants based on operating experience analysis," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    4. Georgios Kavallieratos & Sokratis Katsikas & Vasileios Gkioulos, 2020. "Cybersecurity and Safety Co-Engineering of Cyberphysical Systems—A Comprehensive Survey," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Wang, Wei & Cammi, Antonio & Di Maio, Francesco & Lorenzi, Stefano & Zio, Enrico, 2018. "A Monte Carlo-based exploration framework for identifying components vulnerable to cyber threats in nuclear power plants," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 24-37.
    6. Piètre-Cambacédès, L. & Bouissou, M., 2013. "Cross-fertilization between safety and security engineering," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 110-126.
    7. Rick A. Jones & Barry Horowitz, 2012. "A System‐Aware Cyber Security architecture," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(2), pages 225-240, June.

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