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Nitrogen balance for the urban food metabolism of Toronto, Canada

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  • Forkes, Jennifer

Abstract

A nitrogen balance for the urban flow of food and pre- and post-consumption food wastes was developed to determine the impact of municipal waste management policies and programs on the recovery and recycling of imported nitrogen. A simple input, storage and output balance was used, with particular focus on the fate of waste outputs. The balance was done for the City of Toronto, Canada for 3 years in the 15-year period from 1990 to 2004.

Suggested Citation

  • Forkes, Jennifer, 2007. "Nitrogen balance for the urban food metabolism of Toronto, Canada," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 74-94.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:52:y:2007:i:1:p:74-94
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.02.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kantor, Linda Scott & Lipton, Kathryn & Manchester, Alden & Oliveira, Victor, 1997. "Estimating and Addressing America's Food Losses," Food Review/ National Food Review, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 20(1), pages 1-11.
    2. Christopher Kennedy & John Cuddihy & Joshua Engel‐Yan, 2007. "The Changing Metabolism of Cities," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 11(2), pages 43-59, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xinhui Feng & Yan Li & Lu Zhang & Chuyu Xia & Er Yu & Jiayu Yang, 2022. "Carbon Metabolism in Urban “Production–Living–Ecological” Space Based on Ecological Network Analysis," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Güngör KARAKAŞ, 2022. "Factors affecting food waste awareness in Turkey. The case of Corum province," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 13, pages 271-289, June.
    3. Beck, M Bruce & Chen, Chen & Walker, Rodrigo Villarroel & Wen, Zongguo & Han, Jiangxue, 2023. "Multi-sectoral analysis of smarter urban nitrogen metabolism: A case study of Suzhou, China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 478(C).
    4. Wu, Dongdong & Zhang, Yan & Zhang, Xiaolin & Fath, Brain D., 2023. "Research progress of urban nitrogen cycle and metabolism," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 486(C).
    5. Mena, Carlos & Adenso-Diaz, B. & Yurt, Oznur, 2011. "The causes of food waste in the supplier–retailer interface: Evidences from the UK and Spain," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(6), pages 648-658.
    6. Louise Guibrunet & Araceli Sánchez Jiménez, 2023. "The current and potential role of urban metabolism studies to analyze the role of food in urban sustainability," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(1), pages 196-209, February.
    7. Yang, Meng & Zhang, Xiaolin & Zhang, Yan & Fath, Brian D., 2022. "Consistence of structural changes in food nitrogen consumption between rural and urban residents in the context of rapid urbanization," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 471(C).
    8. Zackery B. Morris & Marc Weissburg & Bert Bras, 2021. "Ecological network analysis of urban–industrial ecosystems," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(1), pages 193-204, February.

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