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The political consequences of resource scarcity: Targeted spending in a water-stressed democracy

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  • Mahadevan, Meera
  • Shenoy, Ajay

Abstract

We study whether resource scarcity enhances the scope for targeted spending in India. Farmers without access to groundwater during dry seasons cope using a large public-aid program controlled by local politicians. We leverage a multidimensional regression discontinuity for exogenous variation in whether local politicians are aligned with the state’s ruling party. We find that the state government channels disproportionate funds to politically-aligned jurisdictions in water-stressed areas and gains votes in subsequent elections. However, we find no partisan differences in aid allocation for non-water-stressed areas, suggesting a selective targeting of public funds to garner votes in the highest-return regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahadevan, Meera & Shenoy, Ajay, 2023. "The political consequences of resource scarcity: Targeted spending in a water-stressed democracy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:220:y:2023:i:c:s0047272723000245
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104842
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    2. Amal Ahmad, 2024. "Transfers and the rise of Hindu nationalism in India," Discussion Papers 2024-08, Nottingham Interdisciplinary Centre for Economic and Political Research (NICEP).
    3. Boudot-Reddy, Camille & Butler, André, 2024. "Paving the road to re-election," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q25 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Water

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