IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v98y1979i3p363-402.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Liquidons and gasons; controversies about the continuity of states

Author

Listed:
  • Levelt Sengers, J.M.H.

Abstract

Two basic ideas about the nature of the gas-liquid transition were voiced around 1870: that in the supercritical state, vapor and liquid are indistinguishable (Andrews), and that condensation and critical behavior can be understood on the basis of a simple assumption about molecular interaction (Van der Waals). For many scientists at that time, however, the notion of continuity of states was almost inconceivable. The older ideas, that liquid and gas molecules were different from each other, and that the liquid “dissolves” in the vapor at the critical point, survived for a long time. Unfamiliarity with the implications of Gibbs' thermodynamics in Europe helped to keep the older ideas alive. This paper describes the controversies that raged between proponents and opponents of the Andrews-Van der Waals view between 1880 and 1907, and how they were fanned by erroneous or incorrectly interpreted experiments carried out all over Europe. Kamerlingh Onnes and his staff in Leiden repeated a number of the controversial experiments in the period 1892–1907 and discovered that impurity was by far the largest source of error. By 1907 the controversy was unequivocally decided by the Leiden group in favor of the Andrews-Van der Waals view. A replay of the old controversy took place in the period 1933–1952.

Suggested Citation

  • Levelt Sengers, J.M.H., 1979. "Liquidons and gasons; controversies about the continuity of states," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 363-402.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:98:y:1979:i:3:p:363-402
    DOI: 10.1016/0378-4371(79)90145-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378437179901456
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/0378-4371(79)90145-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wilbert M. Schneider, 1954. "History Of The Organization And Policies Of The American Bankers Association," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 9(1), pages 60-61, March.
    2. Michael D. König & Dominic Rohner & Mathias Thoenig & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 2017. "Networks in Conflict: Theory and Evidence From the Great War of Africa," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 85, pages 1093-1132, July.
    3. Henry S. Schneider, 1951. "Two Formula Methods For Choosing Common Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 6(2), pages 229-237, June.
    4. Bray, Carol E., 1976. "Canadian Dairy Policy," Foreign Agricultural Economic Report (FAER) 146225, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Morita, T. & Sato, H. & Uematsu, M. & Watanabe, K., 1989. "PVT properties and vapor-pressures of ordinary water substance in the critical region," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 156(1), pages 436-453.
    2. Kestin, J. & Korfali, Ö. & Sengers, J.V., 1980. "Density expansion of the viscosity of carbon dioxide near the critical temperature," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 335-348.
    3. Nieuwoudt, J.C. & Sengers, J.V., 1987. "Frequency dependence of transport properties of fluids near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 368-386.
    4. Diller, Dwain E. & Saber, John M., 1981. "Measurements of the viscosity of compressed gaseous and liquid ethane," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 143-152.
    5. Clerke, E.A. & Sengers, J.V., 1983. "Fast pressure quenches near the critical point of a binary liquid mixture," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 360-370.
    6. Sengers, J.V. & Van Leeuwen, J.M.J., 1982. "Nonlocal gravity-induced density profiles in gases near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 116(3), pages 345-367.
    7. Tracy, Craig A. & Widom, Harold, 1997. "On exact solutions to the cylindrical Poisson-Boltzmann equation with applications to polyelectrolytes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 244(1), pages 402-413.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David Rezza Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2019. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Microeconomic Shocks: Beyond Hulten's Theorem," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 87(4), pages 1155-1203, July.
    2. Cemal Eren Arbatlı & Quamrul H. Ashraf & Oded Galor & Marc Klemp, 2020. "Diversity and Conflict," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 727-797, March.
    3. Marco Manacorda & Andrea Tesei, 2020. "Liberation Technology: Mobile Phones and Political Mobilization in Africa," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 533-567, March.
    4. Silve, Arthur & Verdier, Thierry, 2018. "A theory of regional conflict complexes," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 434-447.
    5. Thiemo Fetzer & Pedro C. L. Souza & Oliver Vanden Eynde & Austin L. Wright, 2021. "Security Transitions," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 111(7), pages 2275-2308, July.
    6. Mark Dincecco & James Fenske & Anil Menon & Shivaji Mukherjee, 2022. "Pre-Colonial Warfare and Long-Run Development in India," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(643), pages 981-1010.
    7. Hodler, Roland & Valsecchi, Michele & Vesperoni, Alberto, 2021. "Ethnic geography: Measurement and evidence," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    8. Song, Jian & Houser, Daniel, 2021. "Non-exclusive group contests: An experimental analysis," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    9. Rusch, Hannes, 2023. "The logic of human intergroup conflict:," Research Memorandum 014, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
    10. Roland Hodler & Paul Schaudt & Alberto Vesperoni, 2023. "Mining for Peace," CESifo Working Paper Series 10207, CESifo.
    11. Kenan Huremović, 2021. "A noncooperative model of contest network formation," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 23(2), pages 275-317, April.
    12. Anna Josephson & Jeffrey D. Michler & Talip Kilic & Siobhan Murray, 2024. "The Mismeasure of Weather: Using Remotely Sensed Earth Observation Data in Economic Context," Papers 2409.07506, arXiv.org.
    13. Yang Yang, 2018. "Transport Infrastructure, City Productivity Growth and Sectoral Reallocation: Evidence from China," IMF Working Papers 2018/276, International Monetary Fund.
    14. Masayuki Kudamatsu, 2018. "GIS for Credible Identification Strategies in Economics Research," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 64(2), pages 327-338.
    15. Send, Jonas, 2020. "Conflict between non-exclusive groups," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 858-874.
    16. Dong, Lu & Huang, Lingbo & Lien, Jaimie W. & Zheng, Jie, 2024. "How alliances form and conflict ensues," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 255-276.
    17. Jeffrey D. Michler & Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi & Jonathan Giezendanner & Anna Josephson & Valerien O. Pede & Elizabeth Tellman, 2024. "Impact Evaluations in Data Poor Settings: The Case of Stress-Tolerant Rice Varieties in Bangladesh," Papers 2409.02201, arXiv.org.
    18. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2019. "Brands in Motion: How Frictions Shape Multinational Production," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(9), pages 3073-3124, September.
    19. Nicolas Berman & Mathieu Couttenier & Dominic Rohner & Mathias Thoenig, 2017. "This Mine Is Mine! How Minerals Fuel Conflicts in Africa," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(6), pages 1564-1610, June.
    20. Brülhart, Marius & Cadot, Olivier & Himbert, Alexander, 2019. "Let There Be Light: Trade and the Development of Border Regions," CEPR Discussion Papers 13515, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:98:y:1979:i:3:p:363-402. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.