IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v611y2023ics0378437123000109.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impacts of bus holding strategies on the performance of mixed traffic system

Author

Listed:
  • Qiang, Shengjie
  • Huang, Qingxia

Abstract

The holding strategy performs well in resisting bus bunching in the dedicated bus route. Yet, its efficiency in a non-dedicated bus route has not been well studied, and its external effects on other road participants are unclear. We study this topic in a circular two-lane traffic system consisting of buses and cars. A cellular automaton model is used to depict the vehicles’ dynamic behaviors. By numerical simulations, we obtained the phase diagram of the bus system, and identified the four states concerning the stability and level of service. Then we analyzed the flow and velocity characteristics and distinguished three states of the traffic system. Our simulations prove the separation effect of car flows on the bus headway regulation. Combined with this effect, the holding strategy makes the bus running more homogeneous and the bus utilization more evenly in the mixed traffic flow condition. Interestingly, from a macro perspective, the holding strategy incurs no detrimental effects on the whole traffic system, though it might intensify local interference between buses and cars near bus stops. Under certain conditions, the average speed of buses and cars increases, eventually increasing the system’s capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang, Shengjie & Huang, Qingxia, 2023. "Impacts of bus holding strategies on the performance of mixed traffic system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 611(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:611:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123000109
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128455
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437123000109
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2023.128455?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Delgado, Felipe & Munoz, Juan Carlos & Giesen, Ricardo, 2012. "How much can holding and/or limiting boarding improve transit performance?," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(9), pages 1202-1217.
    2. Zhang, Shuyang & Lo, Hong K., 2018. "Two-way-looking self-equalizing headway control for bus operations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 280-301.
    3. Qiang, Shengjie & Huang, Qingxia, 2021. "Interactions between buses and cars in a two-lane mixed traffic system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 570(C).
    4. Junfang Tian & Bin Jia & Shoufeng Ma & Chenqiang Zhu & Rui Jiang & YaoXian Ding, 2017. "Cellular Automaton Model with Dynamical 2D Speed-Gap Relation," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(3), pages 807-822, August.
    5. Liang, Shidong & Zhao, Shuzhi & Lu, Chunxiu & Ma, Minghui, 2016. "A self-adaptive method to equalize headways: Numerical analysis and comparison," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 33-43.
    6. Yao-Ming Yuan & Rui Jiang & Qing-Song Wu & Ruili Wang, 2007. "Traffic Behavior In A Two-Lane System Consisting Of A Mixture Of Buses And Cars," International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(12), pages 1925-1938.
    7. Mark D. Hickman, 2001. "An Analytic Stochastic Model for the Transit Vehicle Holding Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(3), pages 215-237, August.
    8. Gkiotsalitis, K. & Cats, O., 2021. "At-stop control measures in public transport: Literature review and research agenda," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    9. Ge, Shi-Gong & Ding, Zhong-Jun & Jiang, Rui & Shi, Qin & Kühne, Reinhart & Long, Jiancheng & Ding, Jian-Xun & Wang, Bing-Hong, 2016. "Influence of synchronized traffic light on the states of bus operating system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 453(C), pages 9-23.
    10. Fatemeh Enayatollahi & Ahmed Osman Idris & M. A. Amiri Atashgah, 2019. "Modelling bus bunching under variable transit demand using cellular automata," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 269-298, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qiang, Shengjie & Huang, Qingxia, 2021. "Interactions between buses and cars in a two-lane mixed traffic system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 570(C).
    2. Liang, Shidong & He, Shengxue & Zhang, Hu & Ma, Minghui, 2021. "Optimal holding time calculation algorithm to improve the reliability of high frequency bus route considering the bus capacity constraint," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    3. Bian, Bomin & Zhu, Ning & Meng, Qiang, 2023. "Real-time cruising speed design approach for multiline bus systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1-24.
    4. Zhou, Chang & Tian, Qiong & Wang, David Z.W., 2022. "A novel control strategy in mitigating bus bunching: Utilizing real-time information," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-13.
    5. Weiya Chen & Hengpeng Zhang & Chunxiao Chen & Xiaofan Wei, 2021. "An Integrated Bus Holding and Speed Adjusting Strategy Considering Passenger’s Waiting Time Perceptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Wang, Zhichao & Jiang, Rui & Jiang, Yu & Gao, Ziyou & Liu, Ronghui, 2024. "Modelling bus bunching along a common line corridor considering passenger arrival time and transfer choice under stochastic travel time," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    7. Dai, Zhuang & Liu, Xiaoyue Cathy & Chen, Zhuo & Guo, Renyong & Ma, Xiaolei, 2019. "A predictive headway-based bus-holding strategy with dynamic control point selection: A cooperative game theory approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 29-51.
    8. Zhang, Shuyang & Lo, Hong K., 2018. "Two-way-looking self-equalizing headway control for bus operations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 280-301.
    9. Martínez-Estupiñan, Yerly & Delgado, Felipe & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Watkins, Kari E., 2023. "Improving the performance of headway control tools by using individual driving speed data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    10. Li, Shukai & Liu, Ronghui & Yang, Lixing & Gao, Ziyou, 2019. "Robust dynamic bus controls considering delay disturbances and passenger demand uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 88-109.
    11. Khan, Zaid Saeed & Menéndez, Mónica, 2023. "Bus splitting and bus holding: A new strategy using autonomous modular buses for preventing bus bunching," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    12. Arkadiusz Drabicki & Rafał Kucharski & Oded Cats, 2023. "Mitigating bus bunching with real-time crowding information," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 1003-1030, June.
    13. Petit, Antoine & Ouyang, Yanfeng & Lei, Chao, 2018. "Dynamic bus substitution strategy for bunching intervention," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1-16.
    14. Vismara, Luca & Chew, Lock Yue & Saw, Vee-Liem, 2021. "Optimal assignment of buses to bus stops in a loop by reinforcement learning," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 583(C).
    15. Chow, Andy H.F. & Li, Shuai & Zhong, Renxin, 2017. "Multi-objective optimal control formulations for bus service reliability with traffic signals," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 248-268.
    16. Liping Ge & Stefan Voß & Lin Xie, 2022. "Robustness and disturbances in public transport," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 191-261, March.
    17. Vee-Liem Saw & Lock Yue Chew, 2020. "No-boarding buses: Synchronisation for efficiency," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-34, March.
    18. Andres, Matthias & Nair, Rahul, 2017. "A predictive-control framework to address bus bunching," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 123-148.
    19. Wu, Weitiao & Liu, Ronghui & Jin, Wenzhou, 2017. "Modelling bus bunching and holding control with vehicle overtaking and distributed passenger boarding behaviour," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 175-197.
    20. Lacombe, Rémi & Murgovski, Nikolce & Gros, Sébastien & Kulcsár, Balázs, 2024. "Integrated charging scheduling and operational control for an electric bus network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:611:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123000109. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.