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Scale-free networks, 1/f dynamics, and nonlinear conflict size scaling from an agent-based simulation model of societal-scale bilateral conflict and cooperation

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  • Fleming, Sean W.

Abstract

An agent-based model is presented that mechanistically simulates social interactions across two partially coupled lattices, each containing a mixture of individualists, networkers, and reciprocators. Numerical experiments reveal evidence for two spontaneously emergent and widely relevant complex behaviors: self-organized criticality generating fractal (1/f) dynamics, and a scale-free (power-law degree distribution) network, adding to the short list of generative mechanisms for these phenomena. The model may also suggest explanatory hypotheses for two sociological puzzles: Richardson’s scaling law for war size; and an inverse relationship between actor scale and water resource conflict, potentially relevant to this century’s prognosticated water wars. Adjusting a handful of model parameters yields a diverse set of fundamentally different behaviors, perhaps implying model applicability to a wide range of social systems and that comparatively simple social engineering steps could conceivably induce large social shifts.

Suggested Citation

  • Fleming, Sean W., 2021. "Scale-free networks, 1/f dynamics, and nonlinear conflict size scaling from an agent-based simulation model of societal-scale bilateral conflict and cooperation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 567(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:567:y:2021:i:c:s0378437120309766
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125678
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cederman, Lars-Erik, 2003. "Modeling the Size of Wars: From Billiard Balls to Sandpiles," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 97(1), pages 135-150, February.
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    3. Anna D. Broido & Aaron Clauset, 2019. "Scale-free networks are rare," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Petter Holme, 2019. "Rare and everywhere: Perspectives on scale-free networks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-3, December.
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