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Does ratification matter and do major conventions improve safety and decrease pollution in shipping?

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  • Knapp, Sabine
  • Franses, Philip Hans

Abstract

This article develops a method to measure the effect of the major international conventions in the area of safety, pollution, search and rescue and work related measures. It further distinguishes between the effect of entry into force and the status of ratification of a convention by its parties. Standard econometric models are used and the analysis is based on a unique dataset of 30 years of monthly data where the models also correct for other factors which can influence safety such as safety inspections and ship economic cycles. The results show a complex picture where the average time between adoption and entry into force was calculated to be 3.1 years. Overall, the more parties ratify a convention, the more likely safety is improved and pollution is decreased although one can detect a certain level of non-compliance. The immediate effect of entry into force presents a mixed picture where most negative effects can be found with legislation in the area of safety management and pollution, followed by technical areas. The effect of legislation in the areas related to working and living conditions and certification and training is smallest. Seasonality can be found with peaks in December and January for all conventions but are less important for pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Knapp, Sabine & Franses, Philip Hans, 2009. "Does ratification matter and do major conventions improve safety and decrease pollution in shipping?," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 826-846, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:marpol:v:33:y:2009:i:5:p:826-846
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    1. Bijwaard, Govert E. & Knapp, Sabine, 2009. "Analysis of ship life cycles--The impact of economic cycles and ship inspections," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 350-369, March.
    2. Knapp, S. & Franses, Ph.H.B.F., 2007. "Comprehensive review of the maritime safety regimes," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI 2007-19, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    3. Mitchell, Ronald B., 1994. "Regime design matters: intentional oil pollution and treaty compliance," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(3), pages 425-458, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vollaard, Ben, 2017. "Temporal displacement of environmental crime: Evidence from marine oil pollution," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 168-180.
    2. Emre Akyuz & Hristos Karahalios & Metin Celik, 2015. "Assessment of the maritime labour convention compliance using balanced scorecard and analytic hierarchy process approach," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 145-162, February.
    3. Karin Reinhold & Marina Järvis & Gunnar Prause, 2019. "Occupational health and safety aspects of green shipping in the Baltic Sea," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(1), pages 10-24, September.
    4. Knapp, S. & van de Velden, M., 2010. "Visualization of Ship Risk Profiles for the Shipping Industry," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2010-013-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    5. Hristos Karahalios, 2021. "Contribution of PSC Authorities to Ship Accident Prevention," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Heij, C. & Bijwaard, G.E. & Knapp, S., 2010. "Ship Inspection Strategies: Effects on Maritime Safety and Environmental Protection," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI 2010-33, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    7. Hristos Karahalios & Z.L. Yang & J. Wang, 2015. "A risk appraisal system regarding the implementation of maritime regulations by a ship operator," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(4), pages 389-413, May.
    8. Heij, C. & Knapp, S., 2011. "Risk evaluation methods at individual ship and company level," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI2011-23, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.

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