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Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use

Author

Listed:
  • Allen, Jeff
  • Farber, Steven
  • Greaves, Stephen
  • Clifton, Geoffrey
  • Wu, Hao
  • Sarkar, Somwrita
  • Levinson, David M.

Abstract

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether immigrants settle in areas of high or low transit accessibility and how this affects transit mode share. This is analyzed via a novel comparison of two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia and Toronto, Canada. We find that in both cities, recent immigrants have greater levels of public transit accessibility to jobs, on average, than the overall population, but the geography of immigrant settlement is more suburbanized and less clustered around commuter rail in Toronto than in Sydney. Using logistic regression models with spatial filters, we find significant positive relationships between immigrant settlement patterns and transit mode share for commuting trips, after controlling for transit accessibility and other socio-economic factors, indicating an increased reliance on public transit by recent immigrants. Importantly, via a sensitivity analysis, we find that these effects are greatest in peripheral suburbs and rural areas, indicating that recent immigrants in these areas have more risks of transport-related social exclusion due to reliance on insufficient transit service.

Suggested Citation

  • Allen, Jeff & Farber, Steven & Greaves, Stephen & Clifton, Geoffrey & Wu, Hao & Sarkar, Somwrita & Levinson, David M., 2021. "Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:96:y:2021:i:c:s0966692321002404
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103187
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    Cited by:

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    2. R. A. Babkin & A. G. Makhrova & D. M. Medvednikova, 2024. "Foreign Migrants in the Moscow Agglomeration: Spatio-Temporal Analysis Based on Mobile Network Operator Data," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 420-430, September.
    3. Janatabadi, Fatemeh & Ermagun, Alireza, 2024. "Four-step framework for untangling place and mobility components of access: An equal opportunity perspective," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
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    5. Wu, Hao & Lee, Jinwoo (Brian) & Levinson, David, 2023. "The node-place model, accessibility, and station level transit ridership," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Immigrants; Public transit; Accessibility; Mode share;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R14 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Land Use Patterns

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