IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v69y2018icp83-97.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Too much of a good thing? Using a spatial agent-based model to evaluate “unconventional” workplace sharing programmes

Author

Listed:
  • Ge, Jiaqi
  • Polhill, J. Gareth
  • Craig, Tony P.

Abstract

Using a spatial agent-based model of transport, this paper explores various “unconventional” workplace sharing programmes that allow employees to work remotely at other work sites in Northeast Scotland, with Aberdeenshire Council as the focal employer. We attempt to answer the following research questions: (i) To what extent do systemic effects arising from agent interactions within the transport network mitigate or enhance any potential benefits of workplace sharing? (ii) How are these effects changed by informal workplace practices influenced by organizational structure and corporate culture, as opposed to formal business policy? We have been able to show that there are potential benefits to workplace sharing, particularly within a large organization with spatially distributed workplaces. Indeed, the greater the flexibility available, the larger the potential gains, especially with participation of the whole workforce across all employers. However, the apparent benefits of workplace sharing for commuting times and CO2 emissions from transport can be negated by organizational structure and corporate culture. Informal policies whereby team leaders stipulate collocation of team members to facilitate day-to-day and face-to-face interaction can even lead to a worse situation than the case where there is no workplace sharing. The effect of the sharing programmes also depends on the spatial distribution of existing road network, as well as industrial and residential areas. The work acts as a warning that apparently attractive “win-win” policies with the potential to promote better staff welfare, reduce pollution and make more efficient use of infrastructure can be negated by informal practices in workplaces. It is a step towards a general policy simulation platform where the effectiveness of transport policies can be tested and potential unintended consequences detected before they are implemented in reality, by which time it may be too late or costly to correct any unintended negative effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Ge, Jiaqi & Polhill, J. Gareth & Craig, Tony P., 2018. "Too much of a good thing? Using a spatial agent-based model to evaluate “unconventional” workplace sharing programmes," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 83-97.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:69:y:2018:i:c:p:83-97
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692317303356
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Coenen, Marja & Kok, Robert A.W., 2014. "Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 564-576.
    2. Sundo, Marloe B. & Fujii, Satoshi, 2005. "The effects of a compressed working week on commuters' daily activity patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 835-848, December.
    3. Cairns, S. & Newson, C. & Davis, A., 2010. "Understanding successful workplace travel initiatives in the UK," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 44(7), pages 473-494, August.
    4. He, Sylvia Y., 2013. "Does flexitime affect choice of departure time for morning home-based commuting trips? Evidence from two regions in California," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 210-221.
    5. Jiaqi Ge & J. Gareth Polhill, 2016. "Exploring the Combined Effect of Factors Influencing Commuting Patterns and CO2 Emissions in Aberdeen Using an Agent-Based Model," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11.
    6. Van Malderen, Laurent & Jourquin, Bart & Thomas, Isabelle & Vanoutrive, Thomas & Verhetsel, Ann & Witlox, Frank, 2012. "On the mobility policies of companies: What are the good practices? The Belgian case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 10-19.
    7. Saleh, Wafaa & Farrell, Séona, 2005. "Implications of congestion charging for departure time choice: Work and non-work schedule flexibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 39(7-9), pages 773-791.
    8. S. Cairns & L. Sloman & C. Newson & J. Anable & A. Kirkbride & P. Goodwin, 2008. "Smarter Choices: Assessing the Potential to Achieve Traffic Reduction Using ‘Soft Measures’," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(5), pages 593-618, January.
    9. Mokhtarian, Patricia L & Koenig, Brett E & Henderson, Dennis K, 1995. "The Travel and Emissions Impacts of Telecommuting for the State of California Telecommuting Pilot Project," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt6rw695kc, University of California Transportation Center.
    10. Zhang, Xiaoning & Yang, Hai & Huang, Hai-Jun & Zhang, H. Michael, 2005. "Integrated scheduling of daily work activities and morning-evening commutes with bottleneck congestion," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 41-60, January.
    11. Meyer, Michael D., 1999. "Demand management as an element of transportation policy: using carrots and sticks to influence travel behavior," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 575-599.
    12. Henderson, Dennis K. & Mokhtarian, Patricia L., 1996. "Impacts of Center-Based Telecommuting on Travel and Emissions: Analysis of the Puget Sound Demonstration Project," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt1250382t, University of California Transportation Center.
    13. Grimm, Volker & Berger, Uta & DeAngelis, Donald L. & Polhill, J. Gary & Giske, Jarl & Railsback, Steven F., 2010. "The ODD protocol: A review and first update," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(23), pages 2760-2768.
    14. Antonio Páez & Darren M Scott, 2007. "Social Influence on Travel Behavior: A Simulation Example of the Decision to Telecommute," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 39(3), pages 647-665, March.
    15. Felstead, Alan, 2012. "Rapid change or slow evolution? Changing places of work and their consequences in the UK," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 31-38.
    16. Lynne J. Millward & S. Alexander Haslam & Tom Postmes, 2007. "Putting Employees in Their Place: The Impact of Hot Desking on Organizational and Team Identification," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(4), pages 547-559, August.
    17. Adler, Jeffrey L. & Satapathy, Goutam & Manikonda, Vikram & Bowles, Betty & Blue, Victor J., 2005. "A multi-agent approach to cooperative traffic management and route guidance," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 297-318, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nicholas S. Caros & Jinhua Zhao, 2022. "Preparing urban mobility for the future of work," Papers 2201.01321, arXiv.org.
    2. Fortuna, Fabio & Rossi, Luca & Elmo, Grazia Chiara & Arcese, Gabriella, 2023. "Italians and smart working: A technical study on the effects of smart working on the society," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Guzman, Luis A. & Arellana, Julian & Alvarez, Vilma, 2020. "Confronting congestion in urban areas: Developing Sustainable Mobility Plans for public and private organizations in Bogotá," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 321-335.
    2. Li, Tianhao & Chen, Peng & Tian, Ye, 2021. "Personalized incentive-based peak avoidance and drivers’ travel time-savings," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 68-80.
    3. Jun Guan Neoh & Maxwell Chipulu & Alasdair Marshall, 2017. "What encourages people to carpool? An evaluation of factors with meta-analysis," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 423-447, March.
    4. Goulden, Murray & Ryley, Tim & Dingwall, Robert, 2014. "Beyond ‘predict and provide’: UK transport, the growth paradigm and climate change," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 139-147.
    5. Balepur, Prashant Narayan, 1998. "Impacts of Computer-Mediated Communication on Travel and Communication Patterns: The Davis Community Network Study," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt6cb1f85c, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    6. Habibian, Meeghat & Kermanshah, Mohammad, 2013. "Coping with congestion: Understanding the role of simultaneous transportation demand management policies on commuters," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 229-237.
    7. Choo, Sangho, 2003. "Aggregate Relationships between Telecommunications and Travel: Structural Equation Modeling of Time Series Data," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt4p78h623, University of California Transportation Center.
    8. Chen, Peng & Yang, Xiankui, 2023. "Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 22-31.
    9. Margaret Walls & Peter Nelson & Elena Safirova, 2005. "Telecommuting and environmental policy - lessons from the Ecommute program," ERSA conference papers ersa05p801, European Regional Science Association.
    10. Santos, Georgina & Behrendt, Hannah & Teytelboym, Alexander, 2010. "Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 46-91.
    11. Patricia L. Mokhtarian, 1998. "A Synthetic Approach to Estimating the Impacts of Telecommuting on Travel," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 35(2), pages 215-241, February.
    12. Fortuna, Fabio & Rossi, Luca & Elmo, Grazia Chiara & Arcese, Gabriella, 2023. "Italians and smart working: A technical study on the effects of smart working on the society," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    13. Marc-Edouard Schultheiss, 2022. "Assessment of the Bus Transit Network: A Perspective from the Daily Activity-Travel Organization of Travelers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.
    14. Bakare, Bukola & Motuba, Diomo & Szmerekovsky, Joseph, 2022. "Do corporate social responsibility ratings have any effect on traffic congestion?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 98-119.
    15. Crawford, Fiona, 2020. "Segmenting travellers based on day-to-day variability in work-related travel behaviour," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    16. Laurent Van Malderen & Bart Jourquin & Isabelle Thomas, 2012. "Employers Transport Plans: Do They Change The Commuting Behaviour Of Workers?," ERSA conference papers ersa12p1048, European Regional Science Association.
    17. Matthew Clark & Kate Gifford & Jillian Anable & Scott Le Vine, 2015. "Business-to-business carsharing: evidence from Britain of factors associated with employer-based carsharing membership and its impacts," Transportation, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 471-495, May.
    18. Mokhtarian, Patricia & Varma, Krishna, 1998. "The Trade-Off Between Trips and Distance Traveled in Analyzing the Emissions Impacts of Center-Based Telecommuting," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt43b756qg, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    19. Li, Shengxiao (Alex), 2023. "Revisiting the relationship between information and communication technologies and travel behavior: An investigation of older Americans," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    20. Walls, Margaret & Safirova, Elena, 2004. "A Review of the Literature on Telecommuting and Its Implications for Vehicle Travel and Emissions," Discussion Papers 10492, Resources for the Future.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:69:y:2018:i:c:p:83-97. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.