IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v49y2015icp26-38.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: A social interaction based model of exposure

Author

Listed:
  • Farber, Steven
  • O'Kelly, Morton
  • Miller, Harvey J.
  • Neutens, Tijs

Abstract

Recent advances in transportation geography demonstrate the ability to compute a metropolitan scale metric of social interaction opportunities based on the time-geographic concept of joint accessibility. The method we put forward in this article decomposes the social interaction potential (SIP) metric into interactions within and between social groups, such as people of different race, income level, and occupation. This provides a novel metric of exposure, one of the fundamental spatial dimensions of segregation. In particular, the SIP metric is disaggregated into measures of inter-group and intra-group exposure. While activity spaces have been used to measure exposure in the geographic literature, these approaches do not adequately represent the dynamic nature of the target populations. We make the next step by representing both the source and target population groups by space–time prisms, thus more accurately representing spatial and temporal dynamics and constraints. Additionally, decomposition of the SIP metric means that each of the group-wise components of the SIP metric can be represented at zones of residence, workplace, and specific origin–destination pairs. Consequently, the spatial variation in segregation can be explored and hotspots of segregation and integration potential can be identified. The proposed approach is demonstrated for synthetic cities with different population distributions and daily commute flow characteristics, as well as for a case study of the Detroit–Warren–Livonia MSA.

Suggested Citation

  • Farber, Steven & O'Kelly, Morton & Miller, Harvey J. & Neutens, Tijs, 2015. "Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: A social interaction based model of exposure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 26-38.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:49:y:2015:i:c:p:26-38
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.009
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096669231500191X
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.009?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jae Yong Lee & Mei‐Po Kwan, 2011. "Visualisation Of Socio‐Spatial Isolation Based On Human Activity Patterns And Social Networks In Space‐Time," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 102(4), pages 468-485, September.
    2. Sunhee Sang & Morton O’Kelly & Mei-Po Kwan, 2011. "Examining Commuting Patterns," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(5), pages 891-909, April.
    3. Card, David & Rothstein, Jesse, 2007. "Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(11-12), pages 2158-2184, December.
    4. Harvey J Miller, 2005. "Necessary Space—Time Conditions for Human Interaction," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 32(3), pages 381-401, June.
    5. David Wong & Shih-Lung Shaw, 2011. "Measuring segregation: an activity space approach," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 127-145, June.
    6. Ray Forrest & Ade Kearns, 2001. "Social Cohesion, Social Capital and the Neighbourhood," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 38(12), pages 2125-2143, November.
    7. Steven Farber & Antonio Páez & Catherine Morency, 2012. "Activity Spaces and the Measurement of Clustering and Exposure: A Case Study of Linguistic Groups in Montreal," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(2), pages 315-332, February.
    8. Farber, Steven & Páez, Antonio, 2011. "Running to stay in place: the time-use implications of automobile oriented land-use and travel," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 782-793.
    9. Farber, Steven & Li, Xiao, 2013. "Urban sprawl and social interaction potential: an empirical analysis of large metropolitan regions in the United States," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 267-277.
    10. Kwan, Mei-Po, 2009. "From place-based to people-based exposure measures," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 1311-1313, November.
    11. Siiri Silm & Rein Ahas, 2014. "Ethnic Differences in Activity Spaces: A Study of Out-of-Home Nonemployment Activities with Mobile Phone Data," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 104(3), pages 542-559, May.
    12. Steven Farber & Tijs Neutens & Juan-Antonio Carrasco & Carolina Rojas, 2014. "Social Interaction Potential and the Spatial Distribution of Face-to-Face Social Interactions," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 41(6), pages 960-976, December.
    13. Daniel Silver, 2011. "The American scenescape: amenities, scenes and the qualities of local life," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 5(1), pages 97-114.
    14. John F. Kain, 1968. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 82(2), pages 175-197.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shen, Yue & Luo, Xueyao, 2023. "Linking spatial and temporal contexts to multi-contextual segregation by hukou status in urban China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    2. Samira Ramezani & Tiina Laatikainen & Kamyar Hasanzadeh & Marketta Kyttä, 2021. "Shopping trip mode choice of older adults: an application of activity space and hybrid choice models in understanding the effects of built environment and personal goals," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 505-536, April.
    3. Tainá A Bittencourt & Mariana Giannotti & Eduardo Marques, 2021. "Cumulative (and self-reinforcing) spatial inequalities: Interactions between accessibility and segregation in four Brazilian metropolises," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(7), pages 1989-2005, September.
    4. Shen, Yao, 2019. "Segregation through space: A scope of the flow-based spatial interaction model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 10-23.
    5. David C Maré & Jacques Poot, 2022. "Accounting for social difference when measuring cultural diversity," Working Papers 22_04, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    6. Yoo Min Park & Mei-Po Kwan, 2017. "Multi-Contextual Segregation and Environmental Justice Research: Toward Fine-Scale Spatiotemporal Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, October.
    7. John Östh & Ian Shuttleworth & Thomas Niedomysl, 2018. "Spatial and temporal patterns of economic segregation in Sweden’s metropolitan areas: A mobility approach," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 50(4), pages 809-825, June.
    8. Slovic, Anne Dorothée & Tomasiello, Diego Bogado & Giannotti, Mariana & Andrade, Maria de Fatima & Nardocci, Adelaide C., 2019. "The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 181-193.
    9. Bracarense, Lílian dos Santos Fontes Pereira & Oliveira, Renata Lúcia Magalhães de, 2021. "Access to urban activities during the Covid-19 pandemic and impacts on urban mobility: The Brazilian context," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 98-111.
    10. Jennifer Candipan & Nolan Edward Phillips & Robert J Sampson & Mario Small, 2021. "From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(15), pages 3095-3117, November.
    11. Abbasi, Sorath & Ko, Joonho & Min, Jaehong, 2021. "Measuring destination-based segregation through mobility patterns: Application of transport card data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    12. Vinicius M. Netto & Joao Meirelles & Fabiano L. Ribeiro, 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-16, August.
    13. Le Roux, Guillaume & Vallée, Julie & Commenges, Hadrien, 2017. "Social segregation around the clock in the Paris region (France)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 134-145.
    14. Kolkowski, Lukas & Cats, Oded & Dixit, Malvika & Verma, Trivik & Jenelius, Erik & Cebecauer, Matej & Rubensson, Isak Jarlebring, 2023. "Measuring activity-based social segregation using public transport smart card data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    15. Bhuvanachithra Chidambaram & Joachim Scheiner, 2021. "Leisure Quality among German Parents—Exploring Urbanity, Mobility, and Partner Interaction as Determinants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    16. Miaoxi Zhao & Yiming Wang, 2018. "Measuring segregation between rural migrants and local residents in urban China: An integrated spatio-social network analysis of Kecun in Guangzhou," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 45(3), pages 417-433, May.
    17. Netto, Vinicius M. & Meirelles, João Vitor & Ribeiro, Fabiano L., 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy," SocArXiv kdfkt, Center for Open Science.
    18. Xia, Nan & Cheng, Liang & Chen, Song & Wei, XiaoYan & Zong, WenWen & Li, ManChun, 2018. "Accessibility based on Gravity-Radiation model and Google Maps API: A case study in Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 178-190.
    19. Li He & Martin Trépanier & Bruno Agard, 2021. "Space–time classification of public transit smart card users’ activity locations from smart card data," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 579-595, October.
    20. Luyu Liu & Adam Porr & Harvey J. Miller, 2023. "Realizable accessibility: evaluating the reliability of public transit accessibility using high-resolution real-time data," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 429-451, July.
    21. Kaihuai Liao & Peiyi Lv & Shixiang Wei & Tianlan Fu, 2022. "A Scientometric Review of Residential Segregation Research: A CiteSpace-Based Visualization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
    22. David C. Maré & Jacques Poot, 2019. "Commuting to diversity," Working Papers 19_20, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    23. Xiao Li & Steven Farber, 2016. "Spatial representation in the social interaction potential metric: an analysis of scale and parameter sensitivity," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 331-357, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abbasi, Sorath & Ko, Joonho & Min, Jaehong, 2021. "Measuring destination-based segregation through mobility patterns: Application of transport card data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    2. Shen, Yao, 2019. "Segregation through space: A scope of the flow-based spatial interaction model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 10-23.
    3. Xiao Li & Steven Farber, 2016. "Spatial representation in the social interaction potential metric: an analysis of scale and parameter sensitivity," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 331-357, October.
    4. Farber, Steven & Li, Xiao, 2013. "Urban sprawl and social interaction potential: an empirical analysis of large metropolitan regions in the United States," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 267-277.
    5. John Palmer & Thomas Espenshade & Frederic Bartumeus & Chang Chung & Necati Ozgencil & Kathleen Li, 2013. "New Approaches to Human Mobility: Using Mobile Phones for Demographic Research," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(3), pages 1105-1128, June.
    6. Olle Järv & Kerli Müürisepp & Rein Ahas & Ben Derudder & Frank Witlox, 2015. "Ethnic differences in activity spaces as a characteristic of segregation: A study based on mobile phone usage in Tallinn, Estonia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(14), pages 2680-2698, November.
    7. Mao, Liang & Stacciarini, Jeanne-Marie R. & Smith, Rebekah & Wiens, Brenda, 2015. "An individual-based rurality measure and its health application: A case study of Latino immigrants in North Florida, USA," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 300-308.
    8. Matthew Hall & John Iceland & Youngmin Yi, 2019. "Racial Separation at Home and Work: Segregation in Residential and Workplace Settings," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(5), pages 671-694, October.
    9. Sui, Daniel, 2012. "Looking through Hägerstrand’s dual vistas: towards a unifying framework for time geography," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 5-16.
    10. Xian, Shi & Qi, Zhixin & Yip, Ngai-ming, 2022. "Beyond home neighborhood: Mobility, activity and temporal variation of socio-spatial segregation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    11. Patrick Bayer & Stephen L. Ross, 2006. "Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting: A Neighborhood Effects Application," Working papers 2006-13, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, revised Jan 2009.
    12. Duan, Zhengyu & Zhao, Haoran & Li, Zhenming, 2023. "Non-linear effects of built environment and socio-demographics on activity space," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    13. Zenou, Yves, 2011. "Spatial versus Social Mismatch: The Strength of Weak Ties," Research Papers in Economics 2011:5, Stockholm University, Department of Economics.
    14. Kamyar Hasanzadeh & Tiina Laatikainen & Marketta Kyttä, 2018. "A place-based model of local activity spaces: individual place exposure and characteristics," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 227-252, July.
    15. Elizabeth Ananat & Shihe Fu & Stephen L. Ross, 2013. "Race-Specific Agglomeration Economies: Social Distance and the Black-White Wage Gap," Working Papers 2013-10-14, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University.
    16. Philip Heidt & M. Taha Kasim, 2020. "The effects of highways on school segregation," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1261-1280, October.
    17. Tito Boeri & Marta De Philippis & Eleonora Patacchini & Michele Pelizzari, 2010. "Moving to Segregation: Evidence from 8 Italian cities," EIEF Working Papers Series 1109, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Apr 2011.
    18. Walks, Alan, 2018. "Driving the poor into debt? Automobile loans, transport disadvantage, and automobile dependence," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 137-149.
    19. Roland G. Fryer, Jr, 2010. "The Importance of Segregation, Discrimination, Peer Dynamics, and Identity in Explaining Trends in the Racial Achievement Gap," NBER Working Papers 16257, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Hu, Lingqian & Schneider, Robert J., 2017. "Different ways to get to the same workplace: How does workplace location relate to commuting by different income groups?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 106-115.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:49:y:2015:i:c:p:26-38. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.