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Conditional and unconditional methods for selecting variables in linear mixed models

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  • Kubokawa, Tatsuya

Abstract

In the problem of selecting the explanatory variables in the linear mixed model, we address the derivation of the (unconditional or marginal) Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the conditional AIC (cAIC). The covariance matrices of the random effects and the error terms include unknown parameters like variance components, and the selection procedures proposed in the literature are limited to the cases where the parameters are known or partly unknown. In this paper, AIC and cAIC are extended to the situation where the parameters are completely unknown and they are estimated by the general consistent estimators including the maximum likelihood (ML), the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and other unbiased estimators. We derive, related to AIC and cAIC, the marginal and the conditional prediction error criteria which select superior models in light of minimizing the prediction errors relative to quadratic loss functions. Finally, numerical performances of the proposed selection procedures are investigated through simulation studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kubokawa, Tatsuya, 2011. "Conditional and unconditional methods for selecting variables in linear mixed models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(3), pages 641-660, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:102:y:2011:i:3:p:641-660
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    1. Gauri Sankar Datta & J. N. K. Rao & David Daniel Smith, 2005. "On measuring the variability of small area estimators under a basic area level model," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 92(1), pages 183-196, March.
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    1. Kubokawa, Tatsuya & Nagashima, Bui, 2012. "Parametric bootstrap methods for bias correction in linear mixed models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 1-16.
    2. Yuki Kawakubo & Shonosuke Sugasawa & Tatsuya Kubokawa, 2014. "Conditional AIC under Covariate Shift with Application to Small Area Prediction," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-944, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    3. Simona Buscemi & Antonella Plaia, 2020. "Model selection in linear mixed-effect models," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 104(4), pages 529-575, December.
    4. Yu, Dalei & Zhang, Xinyu & Yau, Kelvin K.W., 2013. "Information based model selection criteria for generalized linear mixed models with unknown variance component parameters," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 245-262.
    5. Overholser, Rosanna & Xu, Ronghui, 2014. "Effective degrees of freedom and its application to conditional AIC for linear mixed-effects models with correlated error structures," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 160-170.
    6. Kawakubo, Yuki & Kubokawa, Tatsuya, 2014. "Modified conditional AIC in linear mixed models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 44-56.
    7. Masahiro Kojima & Tatsuya Kubokawa, 2013. "Bartlett Adjustments for Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models with General Error Covariance Matrices," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-884, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    8. Yuki Kawakubo & Tatsuya Kubokawa, 2013. "Modfiied Conditional AIC in Linear Mixed Models," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-895, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    9. Marhuenda, Yolanda & Morales, Domingo & del Carmen Pardo, María, 2014. "Information criteria for Fay–Herriot model selection," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 268-280.

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