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Impact of the 1996 US FAIR Act on the Common Agricultural Policy in the World Trade Organisation context: the decoupling issue

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  • Guyomard, Herve
  • Bureau, Jean-Christophe
  • Gohin, Alexandre
  • Le Mouel, Chantal

Abstract

La nouvelle loi agricole américaine (FAIR Act) de 1996 représente un tournant, non seulement d'un point de vue national, mais également dans la perspective du prochain cycle de négociations internationales agricoles. Elle va contribuer à accroître la pression pour que l'Union européenne (UE) réforme sa politique agricole, en particulier, pour que les paiements compensatoires des baisses de prix soient inclus dans la boîte verte ou, au moins, qu'ils soient plus fortement découplés qu'ils ne le sont actuellement. Sauf retournement durable de conjoncture économique globale, les exportations américaines de plusieurs produits agricoles, dont le maïs et les viandes de porc et de volaille, devraient augmenter de manière substantielle pendant et après les 7 années d'application de la nouvelle loi agricole. Les Etats-Unis (EU) veilleront par conséquent certainement à ce que la protection des marchés communautaires ainsi que la concurrence des exportations subventionnées de l'UE sur les marchés tiers soient les plus faibles possibles. Bien que les propositions de nouvelle réforme de la Politique agricole commune (PAC), émises en 1999, constituent un pas courageux dans la bonne direction, elles risquent de se révéler insuffisantes par rapport aux engagements anticipés du prochain cycle de négociations à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), en particulier dans le domaine du découplage des aides directes. Les auteurs proposent divers aménagements de la politique de soutien interne communautaire. Ces aménagements prennent en compte le fait que les agriculteurs européens assurent différentes fonctions qui appellent des formes d'intervention publique spécifiques, et devraient permettre à l'UE de respecter les règles de discipline à venir dans le cadre de l'OMC.
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  • Guyomard, Herve & Bureau, Jean-Christophe & Gohin, Alexandre & Le Mouel, Chantal, 2000. "Impact of the 1996 US FAIR Act on the Common Agricultural Policy in the World Trade Organisation context: the decoupling issue," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 17-34, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfpoli:v:25:y:2000:i:1:p:17-34
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    2. Guy M. Robinson & Doris A. Carson, 2015. "The globalisation of agriculture: introducing the Handbook," Chapters, in: Guy M. Robinson & Doris A. Carson (ed.), Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture, chapter 1, pages 1-28, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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