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Covid-19 contagion, economic activity and business reopening protocols

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  • Janiak, Alexandre
  • Machado, Caio
  • Turén, Javier

Abstract

This paper studies the impact of sanitary protocols aimed at reducing the contagion by Covid-19 during the production and consumption of goods and services. We augment a heterogeneous SIR model with a two-way feedback between contagion and economic activity, allowing for firm and sector heterogeneity. While protocols are a burden for firms (especially SMEs), they may enhance economic activity by avoiding infections that reduce the labor supply. Using Chilean data, we calibrate the model and assess the impact of recommended firm protocols on contagion and economic activity in the after-lockdown period. Our quantitative results suggest that: (i) A second wave of infections is likely in the absence of protocols; (ii) Protocols targeted at some sectors can reduce deaths while at the same time improving economic conditions; (iii) Protocols applied widely have a negative effect on the economy. We also find that applying strict protocols to a few sectors is generally preferable to applying milder protocols to a larger number of sectors, both in terms of health and economic benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Janiak, Alexandre & Machado, Caio & Turén, Javier, 2021. "Covid-19 contagion, economic activity and business reopening protocols," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 264-284.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:182:y:2021:i:c:p:264-284
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.016
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    2. Klein, Tony, 2021. "Agree to Disagree? Predictions of U.S. Nonfarm Payroll Changes between 2008 and 2020 and the Impact of the COVID19 Labor Shock," QBS Working Paper Series 2021/07, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Business School.
    3. Denis Fernandes Alves & Raul da Mota Silveira Neto & André Luis Squarize Chagas & Tatiane Almeida De Menezes, 2024. "Contagion by COVID-19 in the cities: commuting distance and residential density matter?," EconomiA, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 25(2), pages 189-209, February.
    4. Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Foglia, Matteo & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Angelini, Eliana, 2021. "Feverish sentiment and global equity markets during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1088-1108.
    5. Liu, Yuntong & Wei, Yu & Wang, Qian & Liu, Yi, 2022. "International stock market risk contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    6. François Koulischer & Pauline Perray & Thi Thu Huyen Tran, 2022. "COVID-19 and the Mortgage Market in Luxembourg," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-24, March.
    7. MASUHARA Hiroaki & HOSOYA Kei, 2022. "What Impacts Do Human Mobility and Vaccination Have on Trends in COVID-19 Infections? Evidence from four developed countries," Discussion papers 22087, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    8. Wang, Xueli & Wang, Lei & Zhang, Xuerong & Fan, Fei, 2022. "The spatiotemporal evolution of COVID-19 in China and its impact on urban economic resilience," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    9. Chen, Yutong & Debnath, Sisir & Sekhri, Sheetal & Sekhri, Vishal, 2023. "The impact of Covid-19 containment lockdowns on MSMEs in India and resilience of exporting firms," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 320-341.
    10. Feng, Qu & Wu, Guiying Laura & Yuan, Mengying & Zhou, Shihao, 2022. "Save lives or save livelihoods? A cross-country analysis of COVID-19 pandemic and economic growth," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 221-256.
    11. Soltanisehat, Leili & González, Andrés D. & Barker, Kash, 2023. "Modeling social, economic, and health perspectives for optimal pandemic policy decision-making," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    12. Constanza Fosco & Felipe Zurita, 2021. "Assessing the short-run effects of lockdown policies on economic activity, with an application to the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-23, June.
    13. Klein, Tony, 2022. "Agree to disagree? Predictions of U.S. nonfarm payroll changes between 2008 and 2020 and the impact of the COVID19 labor shock," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 264-286.

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