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Contagion by COVID-19 in the cities: commuting distance and residential density matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Denis Fernandes Alves
  • Raul da Mota Silveira Neto
  • André Luis Squarize Chagas
  • Tatiane Almeida De Menezes

Abstract

Purpose - This study addresses the COVID-19 infection and its relationship with the city’s constructive intensity, commuting time to work and labor market dynamics during the lockdown period. Design/methodology/approach - Microdata from formal workers in Recife was used to adjust a probability model for disease contraction. Findings - The authors' results indicate that greater distance to employment increases the probability of infection. The same applies to constructive intensity, suggesting that residences in denser areas, such as apartments in buildings, condominiums and informal settlements, elevate the chances of contracting the disease. It is also observed that formal workers with completed higher education have lower infection risks, while healthcare professionals on the frontlines of combating the disease face higher risks than others. The lockdown effectively reduced contagion by limiting people’s mobility during the specified period. Research limitations/implications - The research shows important causal relationships, making it possible to think about public policies for the health of individuals both when commuting to work and in living conditions, aiming to control contagion by COVID-19. Practical implications - The lockdown effectively reduced contagion by limiting people’s mobility during the specified period. Social implications - It is also observed that formal workers with completed higher education have lower infection risks, while healthcare professionals on the frontlines of combating the disease face higher risks than others. Originality/value - The authors identified positive and significant relationships between these urban characteristics and increased contagion, controlling for neighborhood, individual characteristics, comorbidities, occupations and economic activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Fernandes Alves & Raul da Mota Silveira Neto & André Luis Squarize Chagas & Tatiane Almeida De Menezes, 2024. "Contagion by COVID-19 in the cities: commuting distance and residential density matter?," EconomiA, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 25(2), pages 189-209, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:eme:econpp:econ-11-2023-0197
    DOI: 10.1108/ECON-11-2023-0197
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Sitian & Su, Yichen, 2021. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for density: Evidence from the U.S. housing market," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    2. Timo Mitze & Reinhold Kosfeld, 2022. "The propagation effect of commuting to work in the spatial transmission of COVID-19," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 5-31, January.
    3. Janiak, Alexandre & Machado, Caio & Turén, Javier, 2021. "Covid-19 contagion, economic activity and business reopening protocols," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 264-284.
    4. Sebastien Bourdin & Ludovic Jeanne & Fabien Nadou & Gabriel Noiret, 2021. "Does lockdown work? A spatial analysis of the spread and concentration of Covid-19 in Italy," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(7), pages 1182-1193, July.
    5. Brueckner, Jan K., 2011. "Lectures on Urban Economics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262016362, December.
    6. Stock, James H & Wright, Jonathan H & Yogo, Motohiro, 2002. "A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(4), pages 518-529, October.
    7. Cerqua, Augusto & Letta, Marco, 2022. "Local inequalities of the COVID-19 crisis," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    8. Glaeser, Edward L. & Gorback, Caitlin & Redding, Stephen J., 2022. "JUE Insight: How much does COVID-19 increase with mobility? Evidence from New York and four other U.S. cities," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; Lockdown; Commuting; Floor area ratio (FAR); Recife;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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