IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbvent/v40y2025i1s0883902624000752.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Funding-source-induced bias: How social ties influence entrepreneurs' anticipated guilt and risk-taking preferences

Author

Listed:
  • Neubert, Emily
  • Fisher, Greg
  • Kuratko, Donald F.
  • Stevenson, Regan

Abstract

Raising money from family and friends is a common form of startup funding. However, we know little about how accepting funds from these individuals influences an entrepreneur's risk-taking preferences. We theorize that as an entrepreneur's relationship with an investor strengthens, the entrepreneur is more likely to anticipate guilt that could emerge from a potential venture failure, which prompts the entrepreneur to make more conservative venture growth decisions. We test our model using a quasi-experimental vignette-based approach. Based on the results, we argue that the tendency for an entrepreneur to become more risk averse in their entrepreneurial decision making due to feelings of anticipated guilt after receiving funding from strong ties demonstrates a funding-source-induced bias.

Suggested Citation

  • Neubert, Emily & Fisher, Greg & Kuratko, Donald F. & Stevenson, Regan, 2025. "Funding-source-induced bias: How social ties influence entrepreneurs' anticipated guilt and risk-taking preferences," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(1).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbvent:v:40:y:2025:i:1:s0883902624000752
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.106453
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902624000752
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.106453?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pollack, Jeffrey M. & Barr, Steve & Hanson, Sheila, 2017. "New venture creation as establishing stakeholder relationships: A trust-based perspective," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 7(C), pages 15-20.
    2. Regan Stevenson & Sean R. McMahon & Chaim Letwin & Michael P. Ciuchta, 2022. "Entrepreneur fund-seeking: toward a theory of funding fit in the era of equity crowdfunding," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 2061-2086, April.
    3. Warnick, Benjamin J. & Kier, Alexander S. & LaFrance, Emily M. & Cuttler, Carrie, 2021. "Head in the clouds? Cannabis users' creativity in new venture ideation depends on their entrepreneurial passion and experience," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(2).
    4. Maw–Der Foo, 2011. "Emotions and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Evaluation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(2), pages 375-393, March.
    5. Sabrina Artinger & Thomas C. Powell, 2016. "Entrepreneurial failure: Statistical and psychological explanations," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(6), pages 1047-1064, June.
    6. Mollick, Ethan, 2014. "The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 1-16.
    7. Greg Fisher & Emily Neubert, 2023. "Evaluating Ventures Fast and Slow: Sensemaking, Intuition, and Deliberation in Entrepreneurial Resource Provision Decisions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(4), pages 1298-1326, July.
    8. Newbert, Scott L. & Tornikoski, Erno T. & Quigley, Narda R., 2013. "Exploring the evolution of supporter networks in the creation of new organizations," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 281-298.
    9. Andrew L. Maxwell & Moren Lévesque, 2014. "Trustworthiness: A Critical Ingredient for Entrepreneurs Seeking Investors," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(5), pages 1057-1080, September.
    10. Zeelenberg, M., 1999. "Anticipated regret, expected feedback and behavioral decision-making," Other publications TiSEM 38371d1b-31fd-45b0-860f-b, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    11. Mathias, Blake D. & Williams, David W. & Smith, Adam R., 2015. "Entrepreneurial inception: The role of imprinting in entrepreneurial action," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 11-28.
    12. Bob Kijkuit & Jan Van Den Ende, 2007. "The Organizational Life of an Idea: Integrating Social Network, Creativity and Decision‐Making Perspectives," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(6), pages 863-882, September.
    13. Mullins, John W. & Forlani, David, 2005. "Missing the boat or sinking the boat: a study of new venture decision making," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 47-69, January.
    14. Warnick, Benjamin J. & Murnieks, Charles Y. & McMullen, Jeffery S. & Brooks, Wade T., 2018. "Passion for entrepreneurship or passion for the product? A conjoint analysis of angel and VC decision-making," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 315-332.
    15. Martin Ruef, 2010. "The Entrepreneurial Group: Social Identities, Relations, and Collective Action," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 9214.
    16. Dave Valliere & Rein Peterson, 2007. "When entrepreneurs choose VCs: Experience, choice criteria and introspection accuracy," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 285-309, May.
    17. Malmström, Malin & Voitkane, Aija & Johansson, Jeaneth & Wincent, Joakim, 2018. "When stereotypical gender notions see the light of day, will they burst? Venture capitalists' gender constructions versus venturing performance facts," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 32-38.
    18. Melissa S. Cardon & Maw–Der Foo & Dean Shepherd & Johan Wiklund, 2012. "Exploring the Heart: Entrepreneurial Emotion is a Hot Topic," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 1-10, January.
    19. Samuel Lee & Petra Persson, 2016. "Financing from Family and Friends," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(9), pages 2341-2386.
    20. Dennis Hanlon & Chad Saunders, 2007. "Marshaling Resources to Form Small New Ventures: Toward a More Holistic Understanding of Entrepreneurial Support," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 31(4), pages 619-641, July.
    21. Melissa S. Cardon & Cheryl Mitteness & Richard Sudek, 2017. "Motivational Cues and Angel Investing: Interactions among Enthusiasm, Preparedness, and Commitment," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(6), pages 1057-1085, November.
    22. Richard H. Thaler & Eric J. Johnson, 1990. "Gambling with the House Money and Trying to Break Even: The Effects of Prior Outcomes on Risky Choice," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 36(6), pages 643-660, June.
    23. Stephen X. Zhang & Javier Cueto, 2017. "The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(3), pages 419-454, May.
    24. Scott Shane & Daniel Cable, 2002. "Network Ties, Reputation, and the Financing of New Ventures," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(3), pages 364-381, March.
    25. Zaccaria, Luana, 2023. "Are family and friends the wrong investors? Evidence from U.S. start-ups," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    26. Drover, Will & Wood, Matthew S. & Fassin, Yves, 2014. "Take the money or run? Investors' ethical reputation and entrepreneurs' willingness to partner," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 723-740.
    27. Anita Quas & Jose Martí & Carmelo Reverte, 2021. "What money cannot buy: a new approach to measure venture capital ability to add non-financial resources," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1361-1382, October.
    28. Kuratko, Donald F. & Holt, Harrison L. & Neubert, Emily, 2020. "Blitzscaling: The good, the bad, and the ugly," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 109-119.
    29. S. Steenhaut & P. Van Kenhove, 2006. "The Mediating Role of Anticipated Guilt in Consumers’ Ethical Decision-Making," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 06/370, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    30. Jeffrey G. Covin & Dennis P. Slevin, 1989. "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 75-87, January.
    31. Haran, Uriel, 2019. "May the best man lose: Guilt inhibits competitive motivation," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 15-33.
    32. Busenitz, Lowell W. & Barney, Jay B., 1997. "Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 9-30, January.
    33. Jeffrey G. Covin, 1991. "Entrepreneurial Versus Conservative Firms: A Comparison of Strategies and Performance," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 439-462, September.
    34. Shepherd, Dean A. & Wiklund, Johan & Haynie, J. Michael, 2009. "Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 134-148, March.
    35. Brian S. Anderson & Patrick M. Kreiser & Donald F. Kuratko & Jeffrey S. Hornsby & Yoshihiro Eshima, 2015. "Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial orientation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(10), pages 1579-1596, October.
    36. Ronald S. Burt & Marc Knez, 1995. "Kinds of Third-Party Effects on Trust," Rationality and Society, , vol. 7(3), pages 255-292, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wesley II, Curtis L. & Kong, Dejun Tony & Lubojacky, Connor J. & Kim Saxton, M. & Saxton, Todd, 2022. "Will the startup succeed in your eyes? Venture evaluation of resource providers during entrepreneurs' informational signaling," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(5).
    2. Ludvig Levasseur & Stephen E. Lanivich & Sai Chittaranjan Kalubandi & Apurva Sanaria, 2024. "Time Perspective and Entrepreneurs’ Alertness," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(6), pages 1358-1403, November.
    3. Warnick, Benjamin J. & Davis, Blakley C. & Allison, Thomas H. & Anglin, Aaron H., 2021. "Express yourself: Facial expression of happiness, anger, fear, and sadness in funding pitches," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
    4. Arno Nuijten & Nick Benschop & Antoinette Rijsenbilt & Kristinka Wilmink, 2020. "Cognitive Biases in Critical Decisions Facing SME Entrepreneurs: An External Accountants’ Perspective," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-23, November.
    5. Allison, Thomas H. & Warnick, Benjamin J. & Davis, Blakley C. & Cardon, Melissa S., 2022. "Can you hear me now? Engendering passion and preparedness perceptions with vocal expressions in crowdfunding pitches," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3).
    6. Erik Lundmark & Anna Krzeminska & Dean A. Shepherd, 2019. "Images of Entrepreneurship: Exploring Root Metaphors and Expanding Upon Them," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 138-170, January.
    7. Portocarrero, Florencio & Newbert, Scott & Young, Maia & Zhu, Lily, 2025. "The affective revolution in entrepreneurship: an integrative conceptual review and guidelines for future investigation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126090, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Greg Fisher & Emily Neubert, 2023. "Evaluating Ventures Fast and Slow: Sensemaking, Intuition, and Deliberation in Entrepreneurial Resource Provision Decisions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(4), pages 1298-1326, July.
    9. Bi, Qingqing & Boh, Wai Fong & Christopoulos, Georgios, 2021. "Trust, fast and slow: A comparison study of the trust behaviors of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(6).
    10. Boris Nikolaev & Christopher John Boudreaux & Matthew Wood, 2020. "Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Functioning," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(3), pages 557-586, May.
    11. Pollack, Jeffrey M. & Cardon, Melissa S. & Rutherford, Matthew W. & Ruggs, Enrica N. & Balachandra, Lakshmi & Baron, Robert A., 2023. "Rationality in the entrepreneurship process: Is being rational actually rational? Introduction to the special issue," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(3).
    12. Lin, Nidthida & Wilden, Ralf & Chirico, Francesco & Ghasrodashti, Elahe & DeTienne, Dawn R., 2022. "Persist or let it go: Do rational entrepreneurs make decisions rationally?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(4).
    13. Daniel Blaseg & Armin Schwienbacher, 2024. "Biased Calibration: Exacerbating Instead of Mitigating Entrepreneurial Overplacement with Reference Values," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(5), pages 1131-1159, September.
    14. Stephen X. Zhang & Javier Cueto, 2017. "The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(3), pages 419-454, May.
    15. Sanchez-Ruiz, Paul & Wood, Matthew S. & Long-Ruboyianes, Anna, 2021. "Persuasive or polarizing? The influence of entrepreneurs' use of ingratiation rhetoric on investor funding decisions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
    16. Maw–Der Foo & Marilyn A. Uy & Charles Murnieks, 2015. "Beyond Affective Valence: Untangling Valence and Activation Influences on Opportunity Identification," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(2), pages 407-431, March.
    17. Leung, Aegean & Zhang, Jing & Wong, Poh Kam & Foo, Maw Der, 2006. "The use of networks in human resource acquisition for entrepreneurial firms: Multiple "fit" considerations," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 664-686, September.
    18. Stroe, Silvia & Sirén, Charlotta & Shepherd, Dean & Wincent, Joakim, 2020. "The dualistic regulatory effect of passion on the relationship between fear of failure and negative affect: Insights from facial expression analysis," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(4).
    19. Dan K. Hsu & Johan Wiklund & Richard D. Cotton, 2017. "Success, Failure, and Entrepreneurial Reentry: An Experimental Assessment of the Veracity of Self–Efficacy and Prospect Theory," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(1), pages 19-47, January.
    20. Vasilis Theoharakis & Seraphim Voliotis & Jeffrey M. Pollack, 2021. "Going Down the Slippery Slope of Legitimacy Lies in Early-Stage Ventures: The Role of Moral Disengagement," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 172(4), pages 673-690, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbvent:v:40:y:2025:i:1:s0883902624000752. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusvent .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.