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At the intersection of tourism social entrepreneurship and empathy: Development and validation of an empathy scale

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  • Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohammad
  • Seyfi, Siamak
  • Zaman, Mustafeed

Abstract

The main purpose of the present study is to develop and validate a theoretically sound and empirically rigorous measure of cultural empathy, entitled Tourism Social Entrepreneurial Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (abbreviated as TSE-SEE). To this end, both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis were employed based on four complementary and independent studies and samples (total n = 1182) from different sectors of the tourism industry. The final refined TSE-EES encompasses 25 items and four dimensions. The results demonstrated the validity and reliability of the TSE-SSE in China, Iran, and Poland. The TSE-SEE can be considered, among others, a diagnostic instrument for evaluating the impact of social entrepreneurship education programs and its application may prove effective means of developing emotional skills in the field of tourism social entrepreneurship.

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  • Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohammad & Seyfi, Siamak & Zaman, Mustafeed, 2022. "At the intersection of tourism social entrepreneurship and empathy: Development and validation of an empathy scale," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 433-447.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:141:y:2022:i:c:p:433-447
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.041
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