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Debt holder monitoring and implicit guarantees: Did the BRRD improve market discipline?

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  • Cutura, Jannic Alexander

Abstract

This paper argues that the European Union’s Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) has improved market discipline in the European bank market for unsecured debt. The different impact of the BRRD on bank bonds provides a quasi-natural experiment that allows us to study the effects of the BRRD within banks using a difference-in-difference approach. Identification is based on the fact that (otherwise identical) bonds of a given bank maturing before 2016 are explicitly protected from BRRD bail-in. The empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that debt holders actively monitor banks and that the BRRD diminished bailout expectations after its enactment. Bank bonds subject to BRRD bail-in carry a 13-basis points bail-in premium in terms of the yield spread, driven by low capitalization. Banks that respond to market pressure by de-risking their portfolios are able to secure cheaper funding for instruments that are subject to bail-in.

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  • Cutura, Jannic Alexander, 2021. "Debt holder monitoring and implicit guarantees: Did the BRRD improve market discipline?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:54:y:2021:i:c:s1572308921000395
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100879
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    Cited by:

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    2. Körner, Tobias & Papageorgiou, Michael, 2024. "Doom loop, trilemma, and moral hazard: Which narrative of the banking union did stock market investors buy?," Discussion Papers 34/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    3. Lei Wang & Zuchun Luo & Wenyi Wang, 2023. "Risk Contagion of Local Government Implicit Debt Integrating Complex Network and Multi-Subject Coordination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-23, October.
    4. Rihab Grassa & Nejia Moumen & M. Kabir Hassan & Khaled Hussainey, 2022. "Market discipline and capital buffers in Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(1), pages 139-167, March.
    5. Manuel Monjas & María Rocamora & Nuria Suárez, 2023. "Determinants of bail-in debt yields in the EU banking sector: a multi-country approach with idiosyncratic factors," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(4), pages 1055-1095, November.
    6. Isabelle Distinguin & Laetitia Lepetit & Frank Strobel & Phan Huy Hieu Tran, 2023. "Bondholder representatives on bank boards: A device for market discipline," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 61(3), pages 738-765, July.
    7. Giuliana, Raffaele, 2022. "Fluctuating bail-in expectations and effects on market discipline, risk-taking and cost of capital," ESRB Working Paper Series 133, European Systemic Risk Board.
    8. Vittoria Cerasi & Paola Galfrascoli, 2021. "Bail-in and Bank Funding Costs," Working Papers 472, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised Jul 2021.
    9. Cerasi, Vittoria & Galfrascoli, Paola, 2023. "Bail-in and bank funding costs," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    10. Li, Shanshan & Gong, Di & Lu, Liping, 2024. "Bail-ins and market discipline: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 51-68.
    11. Brausewetter, Lars & Ludolph, Melina & Tonzer, Lena, 2023. "Distributional income effects of banking regulation in Europe," IWH Discussion Papers 24/2023, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    12. Emlein, Moritz Fabian & Sfrappini, Eleonora & Tonzer, Lena & Zgherea, Cristina, 2022. "Capital Markets Union: Database of directives and regulations," IWH Technical Reports 2/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    13. Krause, Thomas & Sfrappini, Eleonora & Tonzer, Lena & Zgherea, Cristina, 2024. "How do EU banks' funding costs respond to the CRD IV? An assessment based on the Banking Union directives database," IWH Discussion Papers 12/2024, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    14. Altavilla, Carlo & Fernandes, Cecilia Melo & Ongena, Steven & Scopelliti, Alessandro, 2022. "Bank bond holdings and bail-in regulatory changes: evidence from euro area security registers," Working Paper Series 2758, European Central Bank.
    15. Martien Lamers & Thomas Present & Nicolas Soenen & Rudi Vander Vennet, 2023. "Does BRRD mitigate the bank-to-sovereign risk channel?," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1060, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bail-in; BRRD; Banking Regulation; Moral Hazard;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts

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