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Effect of piston shape on in-cylinder flows and air–fuel interaction in a direct injection spark ignition engine – A CFD analysis

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  • Harshavardhan, Ballapu
  • Mallikarjuna, J.M.

Abstract

DISI (Direct injection spark ignition engines) are very popular today because of their low fuel consumption and exhaust emissions due to their operation at lean stratified mixture. Their performance depends on the level of mixture stratification, which in turn depends on in-cylinder flows and air-fuel interaction at the time of fuel injection. However, these are very much affected by combustion chamber configuration, which in turn is mainly dependent upon the piston shape. In this study, a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis is carried out to analyze in-cylinder air flows and air-fuel interaction created by different piston shapes viz., flat, flat-with-center-bowl, inclined and inclined-with-center-bowl pistons in a four-stroke engine at an engine speed of 1500 rev/min. Here, a start of fuel injection is considered at end of the suction stroke with a multi-hole injector operating at an injection pressure of 500 bar. Engine specifications are selected from the literature for which experimental data is available for comparison. Finally, it is found that flat-with-center-bowl piston results in about 51% higher tumble ratio and about 21% higher turbulent kinetic energy of in-cylinder flows, better mixture stratification along with 33% higher evaporation rate and 33% higher percentage of fuel evaporation as compared to those of flat piston.

Suggested Citation

  • Harshavardhan, Ballapu & Mallikarjuna, J.M., 2015. "Effect of piston shape on in-cylinder flows and air–fuel interaction in a direct injection spark ignition engine – A CFD analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 361-372.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:81:y:2015:i:c:p:361-372
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.049
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yanlin & Li, Xiangrong & Li, Xiaolun & Zhao, Weihua & Liu, Fushui, 2019. "The wall-flow-guided and interferential interactions of the lateral swirl combustion system for improving the fuel/air mixing and combustion performance in DI diesel engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 690-700.
    2. Allocca, L. & Lazzaro, M. & Meccariello, G. & Montanaro, A., 2016. "Schlieren visualization of a GDI spray impacting on a heated wall: Non-vaporizing and vaporizing evolutions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 93-98.
    3. Song, Jingeun & Kim, Taehoon & Jang, Jihwan & Park, Sungwook, 2015. "Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1758-1768.
    4. Krishna, Addepalli S. & Mallikarjuna, J.M. & Kumar, Davinder, 2016. "Effect of engine parameters on in-cylinder flows in a two-stroke gasoline direct injection engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 282-294.
    5. Kacem, Sahar Hadj & Jemni, Mohamed Ali & Driss, Zied & Abid, Mohamed Salah, 2016. "The effect of H2 enrichment on in-cylinder flow behavior, engine performances and exhaust emissions: Case of LPG-hydrogen engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 961-971.
    6. S. Sathishkumar & Dr. M. Kannan, 2019. "Topology Optimization Of Integrated Combustion Engine Piston Using F ea Method (Cae Tools)," Acta Mechanica Malaysia (AMM), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 2(1), pages 1-5, January.
    7. Hamid, M. Fadzli & Idroas, M. Yusof & Mazlan, M. & Sa'ad, S. & Teoh, Y.H. & Che Mat, S. & Miskam, M.A. & Abdullah, M.K., 2022. "Methods for improving the in-cylinder airflow characteristics for sustainable transportation using fuels with higher viscosity: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    8. Keskinen, Karri & Kaario, Ossi & Nuutinen, Mika & Vuorinen, Ville & Künsch, Zaira & Liavåg, Lars Ola & Larmi, Martti, 2016. "Mixture formation in a direct injection gas engine: Numerical study on nozzle type, injection pressure and injection timing effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 542-556.
    9. Zhao, Xiaohuan & Liu, Fang & Wang, Chunhua, 2022. "Effects of different piston combustion chamber heights on heat transfer and energy conversion performance enhancement of a heavy-duty truck diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    10. Rafaa Saaidia & Mohamed Ali Jemni & Mohamed Salah Abid, 2017. "Simulation and Empirical Studies of the Commercial SI Engine Performance and Its Emission Levels When Running on a CNG and Hydrogen Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.

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