IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v69y2014icp485-496.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of mobility and its impact on energy use and air pollution in Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Malla, Sunil

Abstract

Understanding of existing motorized and non-motorized transport services is a key challenge for landlocked Nepal in addressing sustainable transport system development. This paper assesses mobility and estimates current travel demand, energy use and emissions from different transport modes for Kathmandu (capital city) and for rest of the country. Road transport dominates all transport modes in Nepal. In per-capita terms, country's motorized road passenger travel (1461 km) is amongst the lowest in the world. Private vehicles (mainly motor cycle) in Kathmandu and public vehicles (mainly bus) in rest of the country, dominate road passenger travel. Trucks dominate in freight transport services. More than half of country's total commercial energy is consumed by transport sector. Kathmandu alone consumes country's half of gasoline and 20% of diesel supply. The current level of country's road energy use, based on road energy use index, remains one of the lowest in the world. However, emissions of local air pollutant from motor vehicles are significant and they are likely responsible for deteriorating air quality in the country's urban areas. Although less significant in the global context, transport sector is responsible for more than half of country's total energy-related CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Malla, Sunil, 2014. "Assessment of mobility and its impact on energy use and air pollution in Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 485-496.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:69:y:2014:i:c:p:485-496
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.041
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544214003053
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.041?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shrestha, Ram M. & Rajbhandari, Salony, 2010. "Energy and environmental implications of carbon emission reduction targets: Case of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 4818-4827, September.
    2. Devkota, Bhuwan & Dudycha, Douglas & Andrey, Jean, 2012. "Planning for non-motorized travel in rural Nepal: a role for geographic information systems," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 282-291.
    3. Pradhan, Shreekar & Ale, Bhakta Bahadur & Amatya, Vishwa Bhusan, 2006. "Mitigation potential of greenhouse gas emission and implications on fuel consumption due to clean energy vehicles as public passenger transport in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal: A case study of trolley bu," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 1748-1760.
    4. Shrestha, Kedar Lal, 1981. "Nepal's energy situation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 6(8), pages 817-821.
    5. Shrestha, Ram M. & Malla, Sunil, 1996. "Air pollution from energy use in a developing country city: The case of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(9), pages 785-794.
    6. Silveira, Semida & Khatiwada, Dilip, 2010. "Ethanol production and fuel substitution in Nepal--Opportunity to promote sustainable development and climate change mitigation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 1644-1652, August.
    7. Dhakal, Shobhakar, 2003. "Implications of transportation policies on energy and environment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 1493-1507, November.
    8. Shrestha, Ram M. & Shakya, Shree Raj, 2012. "Benefits of low carbon development in a developing country: Case of Nepal," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(S3), pages 503-512.
    9. World Bank, 2013. "World Development Indicators 2013," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13191.
    10. Shah, J.J. & Nagpal, T., 1997. "Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia. Kathmandu Valley Report," Papers 378, World Bank - Technical Papers.
    11. Ale, B.B. & Bade Shrestha, S.O., 2009. "Introduction of hydrogen vehicles in Kathmandu Valley: A clean and sustainable way of transportation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1432-1437.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Feng, Xuning & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Li, Jiangqiu & He, Xiangming, 2016. "A 3D thermal runaway propagation model for a large format lithium ion battery module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 194-208.
    2. Ma, Jie & Xu, Mengmeng & Jiang, Jiehui, 2023. "Mapping high-resolution urban road carbon and pollutant emissions using travel demand data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    3. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Noel, Lance & Kester, Johannes & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo, 2018. "Reviewing Nordic transport challenges and climate policy priorities: Expert perceptions of decarbonisation in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 532-542.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shrestha, Ram M. & Rajbhandari, Salony, 2010. "Energy and environmental implications of carbon emission reduction targets: Case of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 4818-4827, September.
    2. Shrestha, Ram M. & Shakya, Shree Raj, 2012. "Benefits of low carbon development in a developing country: Case of Nepal," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(S3), pages 503-512.
    3. Ali, Ghaffar & Abbas, Sawaid & Mueen Qamer, Faisal, 2013. "How effectively low carbon society development models contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation action plans in Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 632-638.
    4. Prasad, Ravita D. & Bansal, R.C. & Raturi, Atul, 2014. "Multi-faceted energy planning: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 686-699.
    5. Malla, Sunil, 2022. "An outlook of end-use energy demand based on a clean energy and technology transformation of the household sector in Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    6. Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent & Emodi, Chinenye Comfort & Murthy, Girish Panchakshara & Emodi, Adaeze Saratu Augusta, 2017. "Energy policy for low carbon development in Nigeria: A LEAP model application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 247-261.
    7. Malla, Sunil, 2013. "Household energy consumption patterns and its environmental implications: Assessment of energy access and poverty in Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 990-1002.
    8. Kadian, Rashmi & Dahiya, R.P. & Garg, H.P., 2007. "Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 6195-6211, December.
    9. Anwar, Javed, 2016. "Analysis of energy security, environmental emission and fuel import costs under energy import reduction targets: A case of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1065-1078.
    10. Takeshita, Takayuki, 2012. "Assessing the co-benefits of CO2 mitigation on air pollutants emissions from road vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 225-237.
    11. Pradhan, Bijay B. & Limmeechokchai, Bundit & Shrestha, Ram M., 2019. "Implications of biogas and electric cooking technologies in residential sector in Nepal – A long term perspective using AIM/Enduse model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 377-389.
    12. Gurung, Anup & Oh, Sang Eun, 2013. "Conversion of traditional biomass into modern bioenergy systems: A review in context to improve the energy situation in Nepal," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 206-213.
    13. Suganthi, L. & Samuel, Anand A., 2012. "Energy models for demand forecasting—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 1223-1240.
    14. Saima Abdul Jabbar & Laila Tul Qadar & Sulaman Ghafoor & Lubna Rasheed & Zouina Sarfraz & Azza Sarfraz & Muzna Sarfraz & Miguel Felix & Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, 2022. "Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-16, June.
    15. Muhammad Shafiullah & Ravinthirakumaran Navaratnam, 2016. "Do Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Enjoy Export-Led Growth? A Comparison of Two Small South Asian Economies," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 17(1), pages 114-132, March.
    16. Jan Fagerberg & Martin Srholec, 2017. "Global Dynamics, Capabilities and the Crisis," Economic Complexity and Evolution, in: Andreas Pyka & Uwe Cantner (ed.), Foundations of Economic Change, pages 83-106, Springer.
    17. Juan Antonio Duro & Jordi Teixidó-Figueras & Emilio Padilla, 2017. "The Causal Factors of International Inequality in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 Emissions Per Capita: A Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition Analysis," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 67(4), pages 683-700, August.
    18. Tanu M Goyal & Arpita Mukherjee, 2017. "Trade Agreements and Services Value Chain: The Case of India and Thailand," Applied Finance and Accounting, Redfame publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 11-23, February.
    19. Danilo Arcentales-Bastidas & Carla Silva & Angel D. Ramirez, 2022. "The Environmental Profile of Ethanol Derived from Sugarcane in Ecuador: A Life Cycle Assessment Including the Effect of Cogeneration of Electricity in a Sugar Industrial Complex," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, July.
    20. Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian & Mohamad, Mohd Rosli & Kurniawan, Yohan & Sidek, Abdul Halim, 2014. "National Intelligence, Basic Human Needs, and Their Effect on Economic Growth," MPRA Paper 77267, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:69:y:2014:i:c:p:485-496. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.