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Production and use of electrolytic hydrogen in Ecuador towards a low carbon economy

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  • Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul
  • Riveros-Godoy, Gustavo
  • Torres-Contreras, Santiago
  • Garcia-Perez, Tsai
  • Albornoz-Vintimilla, Esteban

Abstract

This paper presents a pre-feasibility study of producing and using electrolytic hydrogen in Ecuador as part of a strategy towards a low carbon economy. Hydrogen could be produced using hydropower either alone or combined with other renewable energy sources. For this study, we analyzed two scenarios of energy availability based on data from the largest hydroelectric power plant in the country. The first scenario assumes that an amount of water equivalent to 30% of that spilled in 2011 could be used to generate additional electricity. Thus, an additional amount of energy equivalent to 5% of the energy produced in 2011 could be available. The second scenario doubles this amount of energy. Economic analysis showed that to obtain low-cost hydrogen (3.00 US$/kg) it is necessary to operate the electrolysis plants 24 h/day, using low-cost electricity (30 US$/MWh). A continuous supply of energy could be possible when new hydroelectric utilities start operating or by integrating hydropower with solar and wind. Three possibilities for using hydrogen are discussed: 1) production of ammonia as a raw material for nitrogenous fertilizers, 2) hydro-treating heavy oils and bio-oils in oil refineries, and 3) as an energy storage medium to offset natural instability and unpredictability of renewables.

Suggested Citation

  • Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul & Riveros-Godoy, Gustavo & Torres-Contreras, Santiago & Garcia-Perez, Tsai & Albornoz-Vintimilla, Esteban, 2014. "Production and use of electrolytic hydrogen in Ecuador towards a low carbon economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 626-631.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:64:y:2014:i:c:p:626-631
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Chen, Shuai & Zhou, Wei & Ding, Yani & Zhao, Guangbo & Gao, Jihui, 2021. "Fe3+-mediated coal-assisted water electrolysis for hydrogen production: Roles of mineral matter and oxygen-containing functional groups in coal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Ponce-Jara, M.A. & Castro, M. & Pelaez-Samaniego, M.R. & Espinoza-Abad, J.L. & Ruiz, E., 2018. "Electricity sector in Ecuador: An overview of the 2007–2017 decade," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 513-522.
    5. Posso Rivera, Fausto & Zalamea, Javier & Espinoza, Juan L. & Gonzalez, Luis G, 2022. "Sustainable use of spilled turbinable energy in Ecuador: Three different energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    6. Antonia Cevallos-Escandón & Edgar Antonio Barragan-Escandón & Esteban Zalamea-León & Xavier Serrano-Guerrero & Julio Terrados-Cepeda, 2023. "Assessing the Feasibility of Hydrogen and Electric Buses for Urban Public Transportation using Rooftop Integrated Photovoltaic Energy in Cuenca Ecuador," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.
    7. David Milesi-Gaches, 2020. "Assessing implications of different energy sources: Quito, Ecuador [Évaluation des implications de différentes sources d'énergie : Quito, Équateur]," Working Papers hal-03555312, HAL.
    8. Rahil, Abdulla & Gammon, Rupert & Brown, Neil, 2018. "Flexible operation of electrolyser at the garage forecourt to support grid balancing and exploitation of hydrogen as a clean fuel," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 125-138.
    9. Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego & Juan L. Espinoza & José Jara-Alvear & Pablo Arias-Reyes & Fernando Maldonado-Arias & Patricia Recalde-Galindo & Pablo Rosero & Tsai Garcia-Perez, 2020. "Potential and Impacts of Cogeneration in Tropical Climate Countries: Ecuador as a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-26, October.
    10. Wang, Jing & Kang, Lixia & Huang, Xiankun & Liu, Yongzhong, 2021. "An analysis framework for quantitative evaluation of parametric uncertainty in a cooperated energy storage system with multiple energy carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    11. Abdulla Rahil & Rupert Gammon, 2017. "Dispatchable Hydrogen Production at the Forecourt for Electricity Demand Shaping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-22, October.
    12. Adriana Rincon Montenegro & Marco Sanjuan & Mauricio Carmona, 2019. "Energy Storage Development using Hydrogen and its Potential Application in Colombia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(6), pages 254-268.
    13. Evanthia A. Nanaki & Spyros Kiartzis & George Xydis, 2024. "Is Greece Ready for a Hydrogen Energy Transition?—Quantifying Relative Costs in Hard to Abate Industries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, April.
    14. Olateju, Babatunde & Kumar, Amit, 2016. "A techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production from hydropower in Western Canada for the upgrading of bitumen from oil sands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 604-614.
    15. Nascimento da Silva, Gabriela & Rochedo, Pedro R.R. & Szklo, Alexandre, 2022. "Renewable hydrogen production to deal with wind power surpluses and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions from oil refineries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    16. Castro Verdezoto, Pedro L. & Vidoza, Jorge A. & Gallo, Waldyr L.R., 2019. "Analysis and projection of energy consumption in Ecuador: Energy efficiency policies in the transportation sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Zheng, ShiYong & Liu, Kang & Li, Yuming & Li, Biqing & Usman, Ahmed, 2024. "How does hydrogen energy technology help to achieve carbon neutrality targets?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    18. Bhandari, Ramchandra & Subedi, Subodh, 2023. "Evaluation of surplus hydroelectricity potential in Nepal until 2040 and its use for hydrogen production via electrolysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 403-414.
    19. Leonardo Vidas & Rui Castro & Armando Pires, 2022. "A Review of the Impact of Hydrogen Integration in Natural Gas Distribution Networks and Electric Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.

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