IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v34y2009i9p1091-1096.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy auditing of diversified rice–wheat cropping systems in Indo-gangetic plains

Author

Listed:
  • Chaudhary, V.P.
  • Gangwar, B.
  • Pandey, D.K.
  • Gangwar, K.S.

Abstract

The field investigations were carried out for energy use analysis in terms of different input requirements and outputs harvested under the diversified rice–wheat cropping systems at the research farm of Project Directorate for Cropping Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut, India during the year 2000–2004. The experiments were conducted on rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol) system involving 8 sequences using diversification, furrow irrigated raised bed system (FIRB) of sowing wheat, use of summer period for deep ploughing or raising legume crops for seed or green manure to study the energy dynamics of different diversified cropping systems. Results revealed that total energy use was highest in rice–potato–wheat (i.e. 77,601MJ/ha in flat bed & 75,697MJ/ha in raised bed) followed by rice–wheat–sesbania (i.e. 48,770MJ/ha in flat & 47,830MJ/ha in raised bed) and rice–wheat–greengram (i.e. 48,414MJ/ha in flat & 47,482MJ/ha in raised bed). In overall, the raised bed sowing of wheat in the cropping system consumed 6–11% less fertilizer energy than flat bed while saved up to 4.2% energy through irrigation. The total output energy of the system was recorded significantly higher in rice–potato–wheat system (i.e. 222,836MJ/ha in flat bed & 218,065MJ/ha in raised bed) in comparison to rice–wheat–greengram (i.e. 177,477MJ/ha in flat bed & 175,125MJ/ha in raised bed), rice–wheat–sesbania (i.e. 172,000MJ/ha in flat bed & 168,919MJ/ha in raised bed) and rice–wheat system (i.e. 156,085MJ/ha in flat bed & 151,862MJ/ha in raised bed). The significantly higher net return of energy was obtained in rice–potato–wheat system as compared to other systems. This system required about 75% more input energy but provided about 42% more output energy compared to conventional rice–wheat system. About 10% higher output energy was obtained through growing greengram in summer for grain and foliage incorporation while 14% gain obtained by green manuring sesbania, when compared to deep summer ploughing after wheat harvest.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaudhary, V.P. & Gangwar, B. & Pandey, D.K. & Gangwar, K.S., 2009. "Energy auditing of diversified rice–wheat cropping systems in Indo-gangetic plains," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1091-1096.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:34:y:2009:i:9:p:1091-1096
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.017
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544209001315
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.017?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Singh, H. & Singh, A.K. & Kushwaha, H.L. & Singh, Amit, 2007. "Energy consumption pattern of wheat production in India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 1848-1854.
    2. Swanton, Clarence J. & Murphy, Stephen D. & Hume, David J. & Clements, David R., 1996. "Recent improvements in the energy efficiency of agriculture: Case studies from Ontario, Canada," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 399-418, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Elsoragaby, Suha & Yahya, Azmi & Mahadi, Muhammad Razif & Nawi, Nazmi Mat & Mairghany, Modather, 2019. "Energy utilization in major crop cultivation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1285-1303.
    2. Omidi-Arjenaki, Omid & Ebrahimi, Rahim & Ghanbarian, Davoud, 2016. "Analysis of energy input and output for honey production in Iran (2012–2013)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 952-957.
    3. Kumar, Adarsh & Rana, K.S. & Choudhary, Anil K. & Bana, R.S. & Sharma, V.K. & Prasad, Shiv & Gupta, Gaurendra & Choudhary, Mukesh & Pradhan, Amaresh & Rajpoot, Sudhir K. & Kumar, Abhishek & Kumar, Ami, 2021. "Energy budgeting and carbon footprints of zero-tilled pigeonpea–wheat cropping system under sole or dual crop basis residue mulching and Zn-fertilization in a semi-arid agro-ecology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    4. Tuti, M.D. & Prakash, Ved & Pandey, B.M. & Bhattacharyya, R. & Mahanta, D. & Bisht, J.K. & Kumar, Mukesh & Mina, B.L. & Kumar, N. & Bhatt, J.C. & Srivastva, A.K., 2012. "Energy budgeting of colocasia-based cropping systems in the Indian sub-Himalayas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 986-993.
    5. Parihar, C.M. & Jat, S.L. & Singh, A.K. & Kumar, B. & Rathore, N.S. & Jat, M.L. & Saharawat, Y.S. & Kuri, B.R., 2018. "Energy auditing of long-term conservation agriculture based irrigated intensive maize systems in semi-arid tropics of India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 289-302.
    6. Muhammad N. Ashraf & Muhammad H. Mahmood & Muhammad Sultan & Narges Banaeian & Muhammad Usman & Sobhy M. Ibrahim & Muhammad U. B. U. Butt & Muhammad Waseem & Imran Ali & Aamir Shakoor & Zahid M. Khan, 2020. "Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Aravindakshan, Sreejith & Rossi, Frederick J. & Krupnik, Timothy J., 2015. "What does benchmarking of wheat farmers practicing conservation tillage in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains tell us about energy use efficiency? An application of slack-based data envelopment analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 483-493.
    8. Kumar, Rakesh & Mishra, J.S. & Mondal, Surajit & Meena, Ram Swaroop & Sundaram, P.K. & Bhatt, B.P. & Pan, R.S. & Lal, Rattan & Saurabh, Kirti & Chandra, Naresh & Samal, S.K. & Hans, Hansraj & Raman, R, 2021. "Designing an ecofriendly and carbon-cum-energy efficient production system for the diverse agroecosystem of South Asia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    9. Alhajj Ali, Salem & Tedone, Luigi & De Mastro, Giuseppe, 2013. "A comparison of the energy consumption of rainfed durum wheat under different management scenarios in southern Italy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 308-318.
    10. Rafiee, Shahin & Mousavi Avval, Seyed Hashem & Mohammadi, Ali, 2010. "Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 3301-3306.
    11. Pahlavan, Reza & Omid, Mahmoud & Akram, Asadollah, 2012. "Energy input–output analysis and application of artificial neural networks for predicting greenhouse basil production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 171-176.
    12. Kumar, Ashok & Singh, Dilip & Mahapatra, S.K., 2022. "Energy and carbon budgeting of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system for environmentally sustainable agricultural land use planning in the rainfed semi-arid agro-ecosystem of Aravalli foothills," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    13. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S., 2020. "Energy and carbon footprints of wheat establishment following different rice residue management strategies vis-à-vis conventional tillage coupled with rice residue burning in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    14. Mohammadi, Ali & Cowie, Annette L. & Cacho, Oscar & Kristiansen, Paul & Anh Mai, Thi Lan & Joseph, Stephen, 2017. "Biochar addition in rice farming systems: Economic and energy benefits," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 415-425.
    15. Bhunia, Snehasish & Karmakar, Subrata & Bhattacharjee, Suvendu & Roy, Kingshuk & Kanthal, Sahely & Pramanick, Mahadev & Baishya, Aniket & Mandal, Biswapati, 2021. "Optimization of energy consumption using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in rice-wheat-green gram cropping system under conservation tillage practices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    16. Kariyaiah Basavalingaiah & Y. M. Ramesha & Venkatesh Paramesh & G. A. Rajanna & Shankar Lal Jat & Shiva Dhar Misra & Ashok Kumar Gaddi & H. C. Girisha & G. S. Yogesh & S. Raveesha & T. K. Roopa & K. S, 2020. "Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-24, August.
    17. Saad, A.A. & Das, T.K. & Rana, D.S. & Sharma, A.R. & Bhattacharyya, Ranjan & Lal, Krishan, 2016. "Energy auditing of a maize–wheat–greengram cropping system under conventional and conservation agriculture in irrigated north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 293-305.
    18. Muhammad N. Ashraf & Muhammad H. Mahmood & Muhammad Sultan & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Sobhy M. Ibrahim, 2021. "Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO 2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    19. Meena, Ram Swaroop & Pradhan, Gourisankar & Kumar, Sandeep & Lal, Rattan, 2023. "Using industrial wastes for rice-wheat cropping and food-energy-carbon-water-economic nexus to the sustainable food system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    20. Eskandari, Hamdollah & Attar, Sajjad, 2015. "Energy comparison of two rice cultivation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 666-671.
    21. Mohammadi, Ali & Rafiee, Shahin & Jafari, Ali & Keyhani, Alireza & Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem & Nonhebel, Sanderine, 2014. "Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of farming systems in north Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 724-733.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Barut, Zeliha Bereket & Ertekin, Can & Karaagac, Hasan Ali, 2011. "Tillage effects on energy use for corn silage in Mediterranean Coastal of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5466-5475.
    2. Alluvione, Francesco & Moretti, Barbara & Sacco, Dario & Grignani, Carlo, 2011. "EUE (energy use efficiency) of cropping systems for a sustainable agriculture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4468-4481.
    3. Kumar, Pankaj & Brar, S.K. & Pandove, Gulab & Aulakh, C.S., 2021. "Bioformulation of Azotobacter spp. and Streptomyces badius on the productivity, economics and energetics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    4. Pervanchon, F. & Bockstaller, C. & Girardin, P., 2002. "Assessment of energy use in arable farming systems by means of an agro-ecological indicator: the energy indicator," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 149-172, May.
    5. Plappally, A.K. & Lienhard V, J.H., 2012. "Energy requirements for water production, treatment, end use, reclamation, and disposal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4818-4848.
    6. Unakıtan, Gökhan & Aydın, Başak, 2018. "A comparison of energy use efficiency and economic analysis of wheat and sunflower production in Turkey: A case study in Thrace Region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 279-285.
    7. Özgöz, Engin & Altuntaş, Ebubekir & Asiltürk, Murat, 2017. "Effects of soil tillage on energy use in potato farming in Central Anatolia of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1517-1523.
    8. Patrizia Busato & Alessandro Sopegno & Remigio Berruto & Dionysis Bochtis & Angela Calvo, 2017. "A Web-Based Tool for Energy Balance Estimation in Multiple-Crops Production Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-18, May.
    9. Kazemi, Hossein & Kamkar, Behnam & Lakzaei, Somayeh & Badsar, Meysam & Shahbyki, Malihe, 2015. "Energy flow analysis for rice production in different geographical regions of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 390-396.
    10. Alhajj Ali, Salem & Tedone, Luigi & De Mastro, Giuseppe, 2013. "A comparison of the energy consumption of rainfed durum wheat under different management scenarios in southern Italy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 308-318.
    11. Heidari, M.D. & Omid, M., 2011. "Energy use patterns and econometric models of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 220-225.
    12. Andrea Colantoni & Danilo Monarca & Alvaro Marucci & Massimo Cecchini & Ilaria Zambon & Federico Di Battista & Diego Maccario & Maria Grazia Saporito & Margherita Beruto, 2018. "Solar Radiation Distribution inside a Greenhouse Prototypal with Photovoltaic Mobile Plant and Effects on Flower Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, March.
    13. Djevic, M. & Dimitrijevic, A., 2009. "Energy consumption for different greenhouse constructions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1325-1331.
    14. Ghasemi-Mobtaker, Hassan & Kaab, Ali & Rafiee, Shahin, 2020. "Application of life cycle analysis to assess environmental sustainability of wheat cultivation in the west of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    15. Unakitan, G. & Hurma, H. & Yilmaz, F., 2010. "An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3623-3627.
    16. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S., 2019. "Applying DEA optimization approach for energy auditing in wheat cultivation under rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 18-28.
    17. Du, Xiangbei & He, Wenchang & Gao, Shangqin & Liu, Dong & Wu, Wenge & Tu, Debao & Kong, Lingcong & Xi, Min, 2022. "Raised bed planting increases economic efficiency and energy use efficiency while reducing the environmental footprint for wheat after rice production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    18. Muhammad N. Ashraf & Muhammad H. Mahmood & Muhammad Sultan & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Sobhy M. Ibrahim, 2021. "Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO 2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    19. Wirsenius, Stefan, 2003. "Efficiencies and biomass appropriation of food commodities on global and regional levels," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 219-255, September.
    20. Soltani, Shiva & Mosavi, Seyed Habibollah & Saghaian, Sayed H. & Azhdari, Somayeh & Alamdarlo, Hamed N. & Khalilian, Sadegh, 2023. "Climate change and energy use efficiency in arid and semiarid agricultural areas: A case study of Hamadan-Bahar plain in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:34:y:2009:i:9:p:1091-1096. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.