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Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Author

Listed:
  • Kariyaiah Basavalingaiah

    (Extension Education Unit, Madikeri, University of Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India)

  • Y. M. Ramesha

    (Agricultural Research Station, Dhadesugur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584167, Karnataka, India)

  • Venkatesh Paramesh

    (Natural Resource Management Section, ICAR-Central, Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa 403402, Goa, India)

  • G. A. Rajanna

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Shankar Lal Jat

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Shiva Dhar Misra

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Ashok Kumar Gaddi

    (Agricultural Research Station, Dhadesugur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584167, Karnataka, India)

  • H. C. Girisha

    (College of Agriculture, Hassan, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India)

  • G. S. Yogesh

    (ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chamarajanagar, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India)

  • S. Raveesha

    (College of Horticulture, Hiriyur, University of Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India)

  • T. K. Roopa

    (College of Veterinary Science, Hassan, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar 573202, Karnataka, India)

  • K. S. Shashidhar

    (Department of Agronomy, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India)

  • Bipin Kumar

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Diaa O. El-Ansary

    (Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt)

  • Hosam O. Elansary

    (Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
    Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

Abstract

The energy consumption pattern and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of any rice production system is important to know the sustainability of varied cultivation and establishment technique. This study was conducted to determine the energy use pattern, GHG emission and efficiency of rice farms in puddled transplanted (PTR, rainfed) and direct-seeded rice (DSR, irrigated) production systems in Karnataka, India. The energy indices and GHG emission of different input and output in a rice production system were assessed by using energy and carbon equivalence. The efficiency of PTR and DSR farms were identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and energy optimization was ascertained. The key finding was excessive use of non-renewable energy inputs was observed for the PTR (92.4%) compare to DSR (60.3%) methods. The higher energy use efficiency (7.3), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ −1 ) and energy profitability (6.3) were mainly attributed to the large decrease in energy inputs under DSR. The DEA showed efficiency for 26 PTR farms in comparison for 87 DSR farms. The mean technical efficiency value highlighted the scope for saving energy by 6% and 2% in PTR and DSR, respectively and showed an economic reduction of $405.5/ha with PTR versus $163.3/ha with the DSR method if these inefficient farms perform efficiently. The GHG emissions revealed that the total emissions for PTR versus DSR production caused by on-farm emissions were 86% and 65%, respectively. The DSR method also had a higher carbon efficiency ratio and carbon sustainability index (10.1 and 9.1, respectively). Thus, adoption of DSR method is imperative for reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions to achieve the carbon sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Kariyaiah Basavalingaiah & Y. M. Ramesha & Venkatesh Paramesh & G. A. Rajanna & Shankar Lal Jat & Shiva Dhar Misra & Ashok Kumar Gaddi & H. C. Girisha & G. S. Yogesh & S. Raveesha & T. K. Roopa & K. S, 2020. "Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-24, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6439-:d:396996
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