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Energy and carbon footprints of wheat establishment following different rice residue management strategies vis-à-vis conventional tillage coupled with rice residue burning in north-western India

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  • Singh, Pritpal
  • Singh, Gurdeep
  • Sodhi, G.P.S.

Abstract

Energy and carbon (C) footprints have close nexus in agriculture. Agri-inputs are energy intensive and lead to significant C equivalent (CE) emissions. We studied energy and C footprints during wheat establishment following different rice residue management (RRM) strategies: residue retention with Happy Seeder (HS); removal after bailing + zero till drill (ZT); incorporation with rotavator tillage + drill (RT) and mould board plough tillage + drill (MBP) vis-à-vis burning + conventional tillage + drill (CT)to identify options for balancing energy, C footprints and C sequestration. Total energy input (EI) with residue retention was significantly (p < 0.05) lower by 1540.9–3884.5 MJ ha−1 (5.9–13.8%) than residue removal/burning. Although, energy output (EO) was significantly lower with residue retention/removal, yet energy productivity (EP) did not differ significantly. Total CE emissions were highest in CT and lowest in ZT. Fertilizer-N was the major hotspot of energy (37.5–45.2% of EI) and C footprints (53.6–87.9% of total CE emissions). As compared to CT, residue retention offers reduction in C and energy footprints ∼14.1 and 12.9%, respectively. Results reveal that rice residue burning is not a viable option as it leaves high C footprints and lowers the amount of C added to soil organic C pool and C sustainability.

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  • Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S., 2020. "Energy and carbon footprints of wheat establishment following different rice residue management strategies vis-à-vis conventional tillage coupled with rice residue burning in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:200:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220306617
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117554
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    4. Singh, Pritpal & Sandhu, Amarjeet Singh, 2023. "Energy budgeting and economics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation under different sowing methods in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S. & Sharma, Sandeep, 2021. "Energy optimization in wheat establishment following rice residue management with Happy Seeder technology for reduced carbon footprints in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    6. Kumar, Rakesh & Mishra, J.S. & Mondal, Surajit & Meena, Ram Swaroop & Sundaram, P.K. & Bhatt, B.P. & Pan, R.S. & Lal, Rattan & Saurabh, Kirti & Chandra, Naresh & Samal, S.K. & Hans, Hansraj & Raman, R, 2021. "Designing an ecofriendly and carbon-cum-energy efficient production system for the diverse agroecosystem of South Asia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
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    9. Mumah, Edwin & Chen, Yangfen & Hong, Yu & Okello, Dickson, 2024. "Machinery Adoption and Its Effect on Maize Productivity among Smallholder Farmers in Western Kenya: Evidence from the Chisel Harrow Tillage Practice," Research on World Agricultural Economy, Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte Ltd (NASS), vol. 5(1), January.
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