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Acid and alkali pretreatment of agro by-products: Evaluating torrefaction efficiency and dechlorination

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  • Park, Sunyong
  • Kim, Seok Jun
  • Oh, Kwang Cheol
  • Cho, Lahoon
  • Jeon, Young Kwang
  • Kim, Dae Hyun

Abstract

Utilisation of crop residues is limited due to their low energy and high ash content. This study aimed to develop a method for enabling the use of residual agricultural biomass through acid or alkali pretreatment followed by torrefaction. Pepper stems were treated with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide for a brief period of time and rinsed with distilled water. Untreated and acid-pretreated samples had cellulose contents of 43.85% and 36.57%, respectively. The lignin content in the alkali-pretreated samples (22.74%) was lower than that in untreated samples (27.40%). Mass yield decreased with torrefaction temperature, ranging from 86.19% to 49.89%. However, alkali-treated samples showed smaller changes in mass yield (70.31–60.43%) than other samples. Regarding calorific value, untreated samples exhibited the highest increase (26.37%), whereas alkali-treated samples showed a modest increase of 10.62%. Chlorine content was higher in acid-compared with alkali-treated samples but decreased with temperature. Our study demonstrated that agricultural by-products can be used as energy sources through acid or alkali pretreatment prior to torrefaction. Future studies should explore a variety of agricultural by-products and consider pretreatment with different acids or alkalis, such as sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide.

Suggested Citation

  • Park, Sunyong & Kim, Seok Jun & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Cho, Lahoon & Jeon, Young Kwang & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2023. "Acid and alkali pretreatment of agro by-products: Evaluating torrefaction efficiency and dechlorination," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:283:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223019424
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Park, Sunyong & Kim, Seok Jun & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Cho, Lahoon & Kim, Min Jun & Jeong, In Seon & Lee, Chung Geon & Kim, DaeHyun, 2020. "Investigation of agro-byproduct pellet properties and improvement in pellet quality through mixing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    2. Wigley, Tansy & Yip, Alex C.K. & Pang, Shusheng, 2016. "Pretreating biomass via demineralisation and torrefaction to improve the quality of crude pyrolysis oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 481-494.
    3. Sunyong Park & Seok Jun Kim & Kwang Cheol Oh & La Hoon Cho & Min Jun Kim & In Seon Jeong & Chung Geon Lee & Dae Hyun Kim, 2020. "Characteristic Analysis of Torrefied Pellets: Determining Optimal Torrefaction Conditions for Agri-Byproduct," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Kim, Seok Jun & Park, Sunyong & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Ju, Young Min & Cho, La hoon & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2021. "Development of surface torrefaction process to utilize agro-byproducts as an energy source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    5. Chen, Yun-Chun & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Bo-Jhih & Chang, Jo-Shu & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2016. "Impact of torrefaction on the composition, structure and reactivity of a microalga residue," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 110-119.
    6. Zhang, Shuping & Su, Yinhai & Xu, Dan & Zhu, Shuguang & Zhang, Houlei & Liu, Xinzhi, 2018. "Effects of torrefaction and organic-acid leaching pretreatment on the pyrolysis behavior of rice husk," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 804-813.
    7. Sun Yong Park & Kwang Cheol Oh & Seok Jun Kim & La Hoon Cho & Young Kwang Jeon & DaeHyun Kim, 2023. "Development of a Biomass Component Prediction Model Based on Elemental and Proximate Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
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