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A Stackelberg Game-based robust optimization for user-side energy storage configuration and power pricing

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  • Ding, Yixing
  • Xu, Qingshan
  • Hao, Lili
  • Xia, Yuanxing

Abstract

With the rapid development of demand-side management, battery energy storage is considered to be an important way to promote the flexibility of the user-side system. In this paper, a Stackelberg game (SG) based robust optimization for user-side energy storage configuration and basic electricity price decisions is proposed. Firstly, this paper put forward a two-stage energy management framework considering the interactive relationship between the supplier-side system and the user-side system. Secondly, based on the two-part electricity price mechanism, a bi-level optimal sizing of user-side energy storage is established in which robust dispatching is considered to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy. Thus, a three-layer optimization model of “pricing on the power supply side–basic scenario configuration on the user side–worst-case scenario scheduling on the user side” is formulated. Through relaxing the state variables of energy storage in the configuration and scheduling models and combining Karush-Kuhn-Tucher conditions, the user-side model is transformed into a single-layer problem. A distributed algorithm based on the method of bisection is used to solve the two-stage SG problem. The simulation results demonstrate the basic electricity price and energy storage configuration suggestions and prove the superiority of the proposed method.

Suggested Citation

  • Ding, Yixing & Xu, Qingshan & Hao, Lili & Xia, Yuanxing, 2023. "A Stackelberg Game-based robust optimization for user-side energy storage configuration and power pricing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:283:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223018236
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128429
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    4. Li, Ningning & Gao, Yan, 2023. "Real-time pricing based on convex hull method for smart grid with multiple generating units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).

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