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Regional energy policies for electrifying car fleets

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  • Fusco Rovai, Fernando
  • Regina da Cal Seixas, Sônia
  • Keutenedjian Mady, Carlos Eduardo

Abstract

The mobility sector must reduce its carbon footprint over the vehicle life cycle, including production, usage, and recycling. The carbon footprint of vehicle usage varies with the mileage and the profile, urban or highway, and the carbon intensity of the energy source, emphasizing regional specificities: biofuels and the renewability of the electrical matrix. Battery-electric vehicles offer higher energy efficiencies, making passenger fleet electrification an effective way to reduce energy demand. However, transitioning to electric vehicles is challenging due to high costs and the required recharging infrastructure. We compared the life-cycle simulations of a conventional passenger car to its fully electrified or hybrid version. We found that the carbon footprint of a battery-electric vehicle is more than five times that of a conventional internal combustion-vehicle. Depending on the considered boundary conditions, the desired CO2e breakeven of a battery electric vehicle could not be achieved. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive and specific analysis of each country is crucial to optimize solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We analyzed the specificities of the USA, China, EU, and Brazil. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities and hopes to inform policy-makers to choose paths that reduce greenhouse gas emissions properly.

Suggested Citation

  • Fusco Rovai, Fernando & Regina da Cal Seixas, Sônia & Keutenedjian Mady, Carlos Eduardo, 2023. "Regional energy policies for electrifying car fleets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:278:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544223013026
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127908
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rafael Fernandes Mosquim & Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady, 2022. "Performance and Efficiency Trade-Offs in Brazilian Passenger Vehicle Fleet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Buberger, Johannes & Kersten, Anton & Kuder, Manuel & Eckerle, Richard & Weyh, Thomas & Thiringer, Torbjörn, 2022. "Total CO2-equivalent life-cycle emissions from commercially available passenger cars," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Onat, Nuri Cihat & Kucukvar, Murat & Tatari, Omer, 2015. "Conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicles? State-based comparative carbon and energy footprint analysis in the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 36-49.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kolahchian Tabrizi, Mehrshad & Bonalumi, Davide & Lozza, Giovanni Gustavo, 2024. "Analyzing the global warming potential of the production and utilization of lithium-ion batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt cathode chemistries in European Gigafactories," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Harasis, Salman & Khan, Irfan & Massoud, Ahmed, 2024. "Enabling large-scale integration of electric bus fleets in harsh environments: Possibilities, potentials, and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    3. Rafael Fernandes Mosquim & Flávia Mendes de Almeida Collaço & Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady, 2024. "Toward a Direct CO 2 Tax for the Brazilian LDV Fleet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
    4. Fernando Fusco Rovai & Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady, 2024. "Thermodynamic Model for Cold-Phase Influence on Light Vehicles’ Fuel Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Felipe Godoy Righetto & Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady, 2024. "A Thermodynamic Comparison of the Exergy Production from Sugarcane and Photovoltaic Modules in Brazilian Energy Transition Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Henrique Naim Finianos Feliciano & Fernando Fusco Rovai & Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady, 2023. "Energy, Exergy, and Emissions Analyses of Internal Combustion Engines and Battery Electric Vehicles for the Brazilian Energy Mix," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-20, August.

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