IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v267y2023ics036054422203482x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Waste to fuel: Pyrolysis of waste transformer oil and its evaluation as alternative fuel along with different nanoparticles in CI engine with exhaust gas recirculation

Author

Listed:
  • Sathish, Thanikodi
  • Surakasi, Raviteja
  • KishoreT, Lakshmana
  • Rathinasamy, Saravanan
  • Ağbulut, Ümit
  • Shaik, Saboor
  • Park, Sung Goon
  • Afzal, Asif

Abstract

The present research aims to produce the alternative fuel from waste electric transformer oil through two levels pyrolysis process with potassium hydroxide catalyst, enhance it by 150 ppm of 30–50 nm sized Zinc oxide and Cerium oxide nanoparticles and then tested with/without EGR method to achieve low exhaust emissions. The experiments were performed on a single-cylinder, four-stroke CI engine at varying engine loads from 0 to 100% with an increment of 25% at a fixed engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results obtained from the combined test fuels have been compared with reference (conventional) diesel fuel. The performance of fuels like Diesel, PBWTO, PBWTO/ZnO, PBWTO/CeO2, and with working conditions like PBWTO/ZnO +20% EGR and PBWTO/CeO2 +20% EGR were recorded respectively at full load conditions in which HC emission as 11, 19, 14, 13, 15 and 15 ppm, 32.9%, smoke opacity as 32.9%, 39.5%, 16.6%, 19.3%, 20.1%. WTO addition into diesel fuel increased the CO emission; however, it is reduced with the nanoparticle addition. That is, PBWTO/ZnO, PBWTO/CeO2, PBWTO/ZnO +20% EGR and PBWTO/CeO2 +20% EGR have produced 0.058%, 0.046%, 0.056%, and 0.043% of lesser CO emission than PBWTO fuel respectively. In particular, EGR ensured noteworthy NOx emissions. For example, D, PBWTO, PBWTO/ZnO, PBWTO/CeO2, PBWTO/ZnO +20% EGR and PBWTO/CeO2 +20% EGR have emitted 1248 ppm, 1427 ppm, 1484 ppm, 1156 ppm, 831 ppm and 821 ppm of NOx emission, respectively. Due to the lower calorific value, higher viscosity, and poor atomization of WTO-added test fuels, the engine performance worsened. Accordingly, under full load condition, BTE was found to be 30.12%, 27.35%, 25.44%, 26.04%, 24.67%, and 25.26%, and BSFC was calculated to be 342, 410, 456, 450, 470, and 459 g/kWh for D, PBWTO, PBWTO/ZnO, PBWTO/CeO2, PBWTO/ZnO +20% EGR and PBWTO/CeO2 +20% EGR, respectively. In the conclusion, it is well-noticed that waste transformer oil can be used as a fuel substitute in CI engines with no modification on the vehicular system, and the addition of nanoparticles is a very good solution to mitigate the high exhaust pollutants arising from the use of WTO substitutes.

Suggested Citation

  • Sathish, Thanikodi & Surakasi, Raviteja & KishoreT, Lakshmana & Rathinasamy, Saravanan & Ağbulut, Ümit & Shaik, Saboor & Park, Sung Goon & Afzal, Asif, 2023. "Waste to fuel: Pyrolysis of waste transformer oil and its evaluation as alternative fuel along with different nanoparticles in CI engine with exhaust gas recirculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:267:y:2023:i:c:s036054422203482x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.126595
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054422203482X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126595?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kasiraman, G. & Edwin Geo, V. & Nagalingam, B., 2016. "Assessment of cashew nut shell oil as an alternate fuel for CI (Compression ignition) engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 402-410.
    2. Suresh, M. & Jawahar, C.P. & Richard, Arun, 2018. "A review on biodiesel production, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of non-edible oils in variable compression ratio diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 38-49.
    3. Thangaraja, J. & Kannan, C., 2016. "Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on advanced diesel combustion and alternate fuels - A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 169-184.
    4. Karagoz, Mustafa & Uysal, Cuneyt & Agbulut, Umit & Saridemir, Suat, 2021. "Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a CI engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel blends containing various metal-oxide nanoparticles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    5. Krzywanski, J. & Czakiert, T. & Nowak, W. & Shimizu, T. & Zylka, A. & Idziak, K. & Sosnowski, M. & Grabowska, K., 2022. "Gaseous emissions from advanced CLC and oxyfuel fluidized bed combustion of coal and biomass in a complex geometry facility:A comprehensive model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    6. Ooi, Jong Boon & Ismail, Harun Mohamed & Tan, Boon Thong & Wang, Xin, 2018. "Effects of graphite oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes as diesel additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 70-80.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Jie & Zhang, Zonghui & Zhang, Mingrui & Kaya, Madalina Georgiana Albu & Wang, Fang & Tang, Keyong, 2024. "Co-pyrolysis of chrome-tanned leather shavings with wheat straw: Thermal behavior, kinetics and pyrolysis products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    2. Sivasankar, G.A. & Moorthy, C. Balakrishna & Kaliappan, Seeniappan & Sathyamurthy, Ravishankar & Sathish, T. & Saravanan, R. & Ağbulut, Ümit, 2023. "Sustainable nano-added biofuel production from borassus flabellifer oil for conventional internal combustion engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    3. Jegan, C. Dhayananth & Selvakumaran, T. & Karthe, M. & Hemachandu, P. & Gopinathan, R. & Sathish, T. & Ağbulut, Ümit, 2023. "Influences of various metal oxide-based nanosized particles-added algae biodiesel on engine characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ağbulut, Ümit & Gürel, Ali Etem & Sarıdemir, Suat, 2021. "Experimental investigation and prediction of performance and emission responses of a CI engine fuelled with different metal-oxide based nanoparticles–diesel blends using different machine learning alg," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    2. Jun Cong Ge & Nag Jung Choi, 2020. "Soot Particle Size Distribution, Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Siva Krishna Reddy Dwarshala & Siva Subramaniam Rajakumar & Obula Reddy Kummitha & Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan & Ibham Veza & Olusegun David Samuel, 2023. "A Review on Recent Developments of RCCI Engines Operated with Alternative Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-27, April.
    4. Das, Amar Kumar & Hansdah, Dulari & Panda, Achyut Kumar, 2021. "Thermal balancing and exergetic performance evaluation of a compression ignition engine fuelled with waste plastic pyrolytic oil and different fuel additives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    5. Gad, M.S. & Uysal, Cuneyt & El-Shafay, A.S. & Ağbulut, Ümit, 2024. "Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessments of a diesel engine fuelled with waste chicken fat biodiesel-diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    6. K. M. V. Ravi Teja & P. Issac Prasad & K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy & N. R. Banapurmath & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & T. M. Yunus Khan & Irfan Anjum Badruddin, 2021. "Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    7. Feng, Xiangdong & Liu, Shanjian & Yue, Kang & Wei, Heng & Bi, Dongmei & Zhao, Wenjing, 2023. "Insight into the promotional effect of Mn-modified nitrogenous biochar on the NH3-SCR denitrification activity at low temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    8. Kim, Keunsoo & Kim, Junghwan & Oh, Seungmook & Kim, Changup & Lee, Yonggyu, 2017. "Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 123-135.
    9. Solmaz, Hamit & Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad Safieddin & Calam, Alper & Yılmaz, Emre & İpci, Duygu, 2021. "Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a CI engine fueled with multi-wall carbon nanotube doped biodiesel-diesel blends using response surface method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    10. Khoa, Nguyen Xuan & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2019. "The effects of combustion duration on residual gas, effective release energy, engine power and engine emissions characteristics of the motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 54-63.
    11. M.H.H. Ishak & Farzad Ismail & Sharzali Che Mat & M.Z. Abdullah & M.S. Abdul Aziz & M.Y. Idroas, 2019. "Numerical Analysis of Nozzle Flow and Spray Characteristics from Different Nozzles Using Diesel and Biofuel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-25, January.
    12. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2019. "Derivatisation-free characterisation and supercritical conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel from high acid value waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 77-90.
    13. Muthukumar, K. & Kasiraman, G., 2024. "Utilization of fuel energy from single-use Low-density polyethylene plastic waste on CI engine with hydrogen enrichment – An experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    14. Munir, Mamoona & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Saeed, Muhammad & Waseem, Amir & Rehan, Mohammad & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Zafar, Muhammad & Arshad, Muhammad & Sultana, Shazia, 2019. "Sustainable production of bioenergy from novel non-edible seed oil (Prunus cerasoides) using bimetallic impregnated montmorillonite clay catalyst," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 321-332.
    15. Ooi, Jong Boon & Kau, Chia Chuin & Manoharan, Dilrukshan Naveen & Wang, Xin & Tran, Manh-Vu & Hung, Yew Mun, 2023. "Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with palm-oil biodiesel-diesel blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    16. Singh, Paramvir & Chauhan, S.R. & Goel, Varun, 2018. "Assessment of diesel engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics fuelled with dual fuel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 501-510.
    17. Xiaoliang Yu & Jin Yan & Rongyue Sun & Lin Mei & Yanmin Li & Shuyuan Wang & Fan Wang & Yicheng Gu, 2023. "An Experimental Study on SO 2 Emission and Ash Deposition Characteristics of High Alkali Red Mud under Large Proportional Co-Combustion Conditions in Fluidized Bed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    18. Wang, Guotao & Liao, Qi & Wang, Chang & Liang, Yongtu & Zhang, Haoran, 2022. "Multiperiod optimal planning of biofuel refueling stations: A bi-level game-theoretic approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1152-1165.
    19. Marco Bietresato & Carlo Caligiuri & Anna Bolla & Massimiliano Renzi & Fabrizio Mazzetto, 2019. "Proposal of a Predictive Mixed Experimental- Numerical Approach for Assessing the Performance of Farm Tractor Engines Fuelled with Diesel- Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-45, June.
    20. M. Faizal & S. Ateeb, 2018. "Energy, Economic And Environmental Impact Of Palm Oil Biodiesel In Malaysia. Abstract: Malaysia is among the lushest places on Earth with nearly countless varieties of flora and fauna residing within ," Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research & Developments (JMERD), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 41(3), pages 24-26, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:267:y:2023:i:c:s036054422203482x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.