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Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak with Ni-xCe/CNTs

Author

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  • Wang, Yuzhen
  • Liu, Zhuan
  • Wang, Ying
  • Fang, Changqing
  • Xu, Donghai
  • Liu, Liang
  • Zheng, Xing

Abstract

A series of Ni-xCe/CNTs were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by XRD, XPS, and H2-TPR. Their catalytic performances were systematically evaluated in hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak. The effects of Ni:Ce ratio (10:0–10:7) in the bio-oil yield, boiling point, elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV) and chemical components of the bio-oil were investigated, and the solid residue and the used catalysts were also analyzed by TG, FT-IR and XRD, SEM, respectively. Maximum bio-oil yield of 20.75 wt% was obtained at Ni:Ce of 10:5. The minimum crystallite size of CeO2 and the highest Ce3+ concentration, respecting the highest oxygen vacancies was obtained for Ni–5Ce/CNTs by XRD, and the lowest reduction temperature was also found for Ni–5Ce/CNTs in H2-TPR analysis, indicating the good reducibility. The CeO2 became to accumulate and form bigger clusters when the Ce loading increased to 7 wt%. GC-MS results showed that the hydrocarbons and esters in bio-oils increased with Ce loading, while those of ketones and aldehydes decreased. The possible catalytic reaction pathway was accordingly proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Yuzhen & Liu, Zhuan & Wang, Ying & Fang, Changqing & Xu, Donghai & Liu, Liang & Zheng, Xing, 2022. "Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak with Ni-xCe/CNTs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:261:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544222021867
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125302
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