IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v253y2022ics0360544222010623.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Potential of electric vehicle batteries second use in energy storage systems: The case of China

Author

Listed:
  • Geng, Jingxuan
  • Gao, Suofen
  • Sun, Xin
  • Liu, Zongwei
  • Zhao, Fuquan
  • Hao, Han

Abstract

Battery second use, which extracts additional values from retired electric vehicle batteries through repurposing them in energy storage systems, is promising in reducing the demand for new batteries. However, the potential scale of battery second use and the consequent battery conservation benefits are largely unexplored. This study bridges such a research gap by simulating the dynamic interactions between vehicle batteries and batteries used in energy storage systems in China's context. Battery supply, use and disposal with and without implementing battery second use are compared. The results show that until 2050, more than 16 TWh of Li-ion batteries are expected to be retired from electric vehicles. If these retired batteries are put into second use, the accumulative new battery demand of battery energy storage systems can be reduced from 2.1 to 5.1 TWh to 0–1.4 TWh under different scenarios, implying a 73–100% decrease. This research justifies the necessity of developing battery second use and calls for joint efforts from the government, industry and academia.

Suggested Citation

  • Geng, Jingxuan & Gao, Suofen & Sun, Xin & Liu, Zongwei & Zhao, Fuquan & Hao, Han, 2022. "Potential of electric vehicle batteries second use in energy storage systems: The case of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:253:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222010623
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124159
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222010623
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124159?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Steckel, Tobiah & Kendall, Alissa & Ambrose, Hanjiro, 2021. "Applying levelized cost of storage methodology to utility-scale second-life lithium-ion battery energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    2. Qiao, Qinyu & Zhao, Fuquan & Liu, Zongwei & Jiang, Shuhua & Hao, Han, 2017. "Cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric and internal combustion engine vehicles in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1399-1411.
    3. Han Hao & Yong Geng & James E. Tate & Feiqi Liu & Kangda Chen & Xin Sun & Zongwei Liu & Fuquan Zhao, 2019. "Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Ahmadian, Ali & Sedghi, Mahdi & Elkamel, Ali & Fowler, Michael & Aliakbar Golkar, Masoud, 2018. "Plug-in electric vehicle batteries degradation modeling for smart grid studies: Review, assessment and conceptual framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2609-2624.
    5. Vikström, Hanna & Davidsson, Simon & Höök, Mikael, 2013. "Lithium availability and future production outlooks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 252-266.
    6. Martinez-Laserna, E. & Gandiaga, I. & Sarasketa-Zabala, E. & Badeda, J. & Stroe, D.-I. & Swierczynski, M. & Goikoetxea, A., 2018. "Battery second life: Hype, hope or reality? A critical review of the state of the art," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 701-718.
    7. Petit, Martin & Prada, Eric & Sauvant-Moynot, Valérie, 2016. "Development of an empirical aging model for Li-ion batteries and application to assess the impact of Vehicle-to-Grid strategies on battery lifetime," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 398-407.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yingjie & Zhang, Huaqin & Hong, Jichao & Hou, Yankai & Yang, Jingsong & Zhang, Chi & Ma, Shikun & Zhang, Xinyang & Yang, Haixu & Liang, Fengwei & Li, Kerui, 2024. "Lithium plating detection of lithium-ion batteries based on the improved variance entropy algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Xu, Dongxin & Pan, Yongjun & Zhang, Xiaoxi & Dai, Wei & Liu, Binghe & Shuai, Qi, 2024. "Data-driven modelling and evaluation of a battery-pack system’s mechanical safety against bottom cone impact," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    3. Ruifei Ma & Shengyu Tao & Xin Sun & Yifang Ren & Chongbo Sun & Guanjun Ji & Jiahe Xu & Xuecen Wang & Xuan Zhang & Qiuwei Wu & Guangmin Zhou, 2024. "Pathway decisions for reuse and recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries considering economic and environmental functions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Wang, Fengfei & Tang, Shengjin & Han, Xuebing & Yu, Chuanqiang & Sun, Xiaoyan & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao, 2024. "Capacity prediction of lithium-ion batteries with fusing aging information," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    5. Zhang, Yue & Wang, Yeqin & Zhang, Chu & Qiao, Xiujie & Ge, Yida & Li, Xi & Peng, Tian & Nazir, Muhammad Shahzad, 2024. "State-of-health estimation for lithium-ion battery via an evolutionary Stacking ensemble learning paradigm of random vector functional link and active-state-tracking long–short-term memory neural netw," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    6. Xiong, Wei & Xie, Fang & Xu, Gang & Li, Yumei & Li, Ben & Mo, Yimin & Ma, Fei & Wei, Keke, 2023. "Co-estimation of the model parameter and state of charge for retired lithium-ion batteries over a wide temperature range and battery degradation scope," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    7. Mao, Ning & Gadkari, Siddharth & Wang, Zhirong & Zhang, Teng & Bai, Jinglong & Cai, Qiong, 2023. "A comparative analysis of lithium-ion batteries with different cathodes under overheating and nail penetration conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    8. Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Jordehi, Ahmad Rezaee & Mansouri, Seyed Amir & Jurado, Francisco, 2023. "A two-stage IGDT-stochastic model for optimal scheduling of energy communities with intelligent parking lots," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gu, Xubo & Bai, Hanyu & Cui, Xiaofan & Zhu, Juner & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Hu, Xiaosong & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities for second-life batteries: Key technologies and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Haber, Marc & Azaïs, Philippe & Genies, Sylvie & Raccurt, Olivier, 2023. "Stress factor identification and Risk Probabilistic Number (RPN) analysis of Li-ion batteries based on worldwide electric vehicle usage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    3. Braco, Elisa & San Martín, Idoia & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo & Stroe, Daniel-Ioan, 2022. "State of health estimation of second-life lithium-ion batteries under real profile operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    4. Jones, Ben & Elliott, Robert J.R. & Nguyen-Tien, Viet, 2020. "The EV revolution: The road ahead for critical raw materials demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Song, Ziyou & Feng, Shuo & Zhang, Lei & Hu, Zunyan & Hu, Xiaosong & Yao, Rui, 2019. "Economy analysis of second-life battery in wind power systems considering battery degradation in dynamic processes: Real case scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Bai, Hanyu & Lei, Shunbo & Geng, Sijia & Hu, Xiaosong & Li, Zhaojian & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Techno-economic assessment of isolated micro-grids with second-life batteries: A reliability-oriented iterative design framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    7. Liu, Kailong & Ashwin, T.R. & Hu, Xiaosong & Lucu, Mattin & Widanage, W. Dhammika, 2020. "An evaluation study of different modelling techniques for calendar ageing prediction of lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    8. Wang, Lei & Wang, Xiang & Yang, Wenxian, 2020. "Optimal design of electric vehicle battery recycling network – From the perspective of electric vehicle manufacturers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    9. Li, Lin & Dababneh, Fadwa & Zhao, Jing, 2018. "Cost-effective supply chain for electric vehicle battery remanufacturing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 277-286.
    10. Zhang, Chenxi & Yang, Yi & Wang, Yunqi & Qiu, Jing & Zhao, Junhua, 2024. "Auction-based peer-to-peer energy trading considering echelon utilization of retired electric vehicle second-life batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    11. Li, Shuangqi & Zhao, Pengfei & Gu, Chenghong & Huo, Da & Zeng, Xianwu & Pei, Xiaoze & Cheng, Shuang & Li, Jianwei, 2022. "Online battery-protective vehicle to grid behavior management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    12. Yang, Jingluan & Chen, Wei, 2023. "Unravelling the landscape of global cobalt trade: Patterns, robustness, and supply chain security," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    13. Shahjalal, Mohammad & Roy, Probir Kumar & Shams, Tamanna & Fly, Ashley & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Ahmed, Md. Rishad & Liu, Kailong, 2022. "A review on second-life of Li-ion batteries: prospects, challenges, and issues," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    14. Ma, Jian & Xu, Shu & Shang, Pengchao & ding, Yu & Qin, Weili & Cheng, Yujie & Lu, Chen & Su, Yuzhuan & Chong, Jin & Jin, Haizu & Lin, Yongshou, 2020. "Cycle life test optimization for different Li-ion power battery formulations using a hybrid remaining-useful-life prediction method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    15. Maria A. Franco & Stefan N. Groesser, 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review of the Solar Photovoltaic Value Chain for a Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-35, August.
    16. Tang, Yanyan & Zhang, Qi & Li, Yaoming & Li, Hailong & Pan, Xunzhang & Mclellan, Benjamin, 2019. "The social-economic-environmental impacts of recycling retired EV batteries under reward-penalty mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Simon, Bálint & Ziemann, Saskia & Weil, Marcel, 2015. "Potential metal requirement of active materials in lithium-ion battery cells of electric vehicles and its impact on reserves: Focus on Europe," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 300-310.
    18. Kalghatgi, Gautam, 2018. "Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 965-974.
    19. Anqi Zeng & Wu Chen & Kasper Dalgas Rasmussen & Xuehong Zhu & Maren Lundhaug & Daniel B. Müller & Juan Tan & Jakob K. Keiding & Litao Liu & Tao Dai & Anjian Wang & Gang Liu, 2022. "Battery technology and recycling alone will not save the electric mobility transition from future cobalt shortages," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Jiang, Yinghua & Kang, Lixia & Liu, Yongzhong, 2019. "A unified model to optimize configuration of battery energy storage systems with multiple types of batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 552-560.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:253:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222010623. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.